Druze History in America

History of the Druze in America

Synoptic Outline

Introduction

The term history has been applied to two somewhat different concepts. On one hand, it designates the sum total of human activities,
and on the other, history is the record of the events rather than the events themselves. The object is to know about everything including the thought process,
hope, feelings, and the actions of the community. Whatever success daring or indefatigable individuals may achieve, the fact remains that the history of
the community must be more and more a cooperative work. The understanding of the vital facts, which contributes to the growing spirit, mutual tolerance,
appreciation, and sustaining the values and culture of the community, is the essence of the whole endeavor. It is but human that the truth gets replaced
by truth, nevertheless, the attempt should be made to approach deep truth by defining undercurrents, events and their projections.

The inflow of the Druze immigrants increased in the beginning of the 20th century. America was the melting pot of various cultures
and traditions. It was essential for the Druze to sustain their identity, culture and faith. The ingenuity of the Druze in this respect has been the driving force
for their survival and their history in America. Therefore, early Druze settlers established a system and an organization which was designed to protect the Druze
identity, culture, faith as well to serve the Druze brethren in the highest traditions of "Bani Marouf." These concepts and undercurrents caused
the creation of the first Druze organization in America in 1908.

This organization extended itself in different states where Druze habitats were established. The movement helped make a family of
the Druze families in America and brought them closer to each other. Within their meager means, they served the cause of the community and the faith. It
was in 1947 when the American born Druze were encouraged to take over the leadership of the Druze community in America. They expanded the concept, system and organization
which could not only sustain the Druze identity, culture and faith, but also provide grounds for development and extension of the same on national level.

The results of such movement and encouragement to the American born Druze created a tradition of a yearly convention. An informal
but strong organization which adopted the name and style "American Druze Society" was thus born. In 1962, the American Druze Society could work
out a Constitution and Bylaws which provided the foundation for further development of the organizational structure of the Druze community in America.

On the 25th convention (Silver jubilee) in 1971, a thought process was initiated where the need for a formally incorporated organization
with a tax exempt status could be realized with the cooperation and support of the community as a whole. Thus, the Druze activities which started on a national
level in 1947, provided a formal organizational structure in terms of constitution and bylaws in 1962, finally crystallized as an incorporated body under the name
and style the "American Druze Society." The tax exemption was obtained in 1978.

The history of the Druze community and its organizations could be perhaps understood better by dividing it in three periods. The first
period from the early Druze immigrants to 1946 where the community established and sustained itself. The second period from the 1947 to 1970, where the community
broadened its base and moved towards developing and formalizing organizational infrastructure along with yearly conventions. The third and the final phase
from the 25th convention in 1971 to the present day which led to the incorporation of the American Druze Society and expansion of the activities of the Druze community.
The material has been taken from authenticated written sources. It was discovered that some information was missing as there were no records available for some
years. It shall be our endeavor to trace all published records and improve the articulation of the history of the American Druze Society, and its organizations.

Druze Emigration and its Aftermath

By Julie Makarem

The true name of the Druzes is 'al-Muwahhidun' which means those who believe in the Unity of God. Although this does not apparently
distinguish Druzism from other faiths, it has a deeper meaning which does, indeed, make it unique. Druzism united in the first time in the history of philosophy
between matter and form, or in other words, between the First Cause and the Final Cause.

In ethics, the Druzes class truthfulness and veracity to be their final moral code. In Jurisprudence, they were the first to give equal rights to women. Moreover, they declared slavery illegal, abolished social discrimination, and preached fraternity and equality one thousand years ago
when such noble ideas were not considered in the world to be even worthy of being discussed. For this reason, we must be proud of being Druzes, the followers of such a progressive religion, the motto of which is "Reason Is Above
All.'

Druze emigration to North America began in the nineteenth century. The Druzes were settled in the areas of southern Syria, Lebanon, and
Galilee. These people have preserved their identity wherever they have resided, and they have remained a closely integrated society. They have always defended
and preserved their independence, and they have upheld their virtue.

Since a Druze considers his body a mere robe for the soul, he does not fear death for it is only a tearing of his robe. In Epistle
35 of the Druze Scriptures, Hamza ibn 'Ali says, "Whoever fears a human being like himself falls under his sway; the Unitarian is valiant by virtue
of his faith." Belief that the number of days of one's life is fixed, not to be exceeded or diminished by a single day, and that the soul after leaving
one body is immediately reborn in another, enhances courage and dispels fear of death. Thus, when the Druzes began to emigrate, they were not running away
from the changes and the upheavals that were constantly surrounding them in their father-land; on the contrary, they merely intended to have a short absence
from their countries to be able to better provide for their families and do away with poverty for their families.

Thus, the early Druze emigrants had no intent of a long absence from their homelands, nor did they envisage a permanent stay
in the country to which they had immigrated. The married men had left their wives behind, and those who were single returned to their homeland for a bride
when they decided to marry. Few brought their wives to live with them in the West until well after the turn of the century.

The Druzes now live in Latin America, especially in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, with smaller communities in Chile
and Colombia. There are also some Druzes in the West Indies and the Philippines. Several thousand reside in the United States of America and in Canada."

In the United States, the Druze have established 'El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat,' the 'American Druze Society,' the ' American Druze
Foundation,' and the 'Druze Council of North America'.

The Druzes in Canada have formed the 'Druze Association of Toronto,' the 'Druze association of Edmenton', and the 'Druze Association
of Montreal.'

Those in Brazil have founded the 'Lar Druzo Brazilero' or the Druze Center in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In Mexico, there is 'La Lega Drusa' or the 'Mexican Druze Committee.'

A Druze Association has also been established in Buenos Aires, Argentina, under the name of 'Association de Beneficencia Drusa'
or the 'Druze Bacora of Argentina.'

In Venezuela the Druze have formed the 'Venezuelan Cultural Druze Society.'

In Adelaide, South, Australia, 'The Lebanese Druze Community Incorporated' has founded 'The Druze Hall,' where the Druze community
meets on occasion. In Melbourne, the Druzes have established 'The Australian Druze Association of Victoria,' and in Sydney, they have established 'The Australian
Druze Association of New South Wales.'

The Druzes in Europe have formed the 'British Druze Society', and the French Druze Association'.

In Africa, the Druzes have established the 'Nigerian Druze Committee.'

When the Druzes began to emigrate, they were not running away from the changes and the upheavals that were constantly surrounding
them in their father-land; on the contrary, they merely intended to have a short absence from their countries to be able to better provide for their families
and do away with poverty for their families. c

The first Druze immigrants landed on the shores of the North American Continent in the late 19th century, and as the numbers
of these immigrants rose, there was a strong desire and need for brotherhood, fellowship, kinship, and camaraderie among them. In 1907, a group of those immigrant
Druzes who had settled in and near Seattle, Washington, and who were known for their sincerity and enlightenment, organized the first fraternal organization
which they called "El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.' ( El-Bakaurat) is an Arabic word and means the first fruit. It was properly used to indicate the first fraternal-Druze
society in the United States. There is on record that Mr. Assaad Cramery from Ain Zahalta, Lebanon, along with Dr. Nasseem Saleem from Jubieh, Lebanon were
the original founders of the "El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.' Mr. Henry Flehan, ADS historian, has on record an emblem of the Seattle organization dated February
8, 1908. Mr. Abbass Dakdouk from Cleveland, Ohio gave Mr. Flehan the emblem in trust.

(El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat will be used throughout this work for the spelling of the Society regardless of the manner in which
it was written in any of the accounts researched to produce this work. This spelling was taken from the badge of Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit,
Michigan).

Therefore, a fraternal organization in Seattle, Washington under the name of El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was dully and legally registered
under the laws of that State. On Sunday, February 1, 1908 and in the city of Seattle, Washington, the first meeting of The Duruz Society was held. Its aim
was to promote unity and brotherhood among all its members. A set of Bylaws was written and all members present ate salt from a bowl symbolizing unity,
harmony, and oneness. Each member took an oath saying, "I affix my name and join this organization, agreeing and accepting all its rules. I swear by
the Creator of all beings, and by the Druze honor to help and uphold all of its laws." Everyone then signed his name in his own handwriting. The following
is a list of the signee's:

Kassem Saad El Deen Shaar, Ali Kassem Jaber, Sleiman Hassan Harb, Khalil Hussein Wahbeh, Mahmoud Ali Abou Ali, Ousman Ibrahim Al
Gharib, Nassib Milhem Bshir, Nayef Mahmoud Al Hameedy, Salim Najm Jaber, Kassem Rasheed Melhem Al Shaar, Hussein Kassem Yahaia, Troudy Mohamed El-Jowhary, Rasheed
Melhem Jaber, Kassem Hassan Zayour, Abdallah Youssef Najm, Mahmoud Salman Najm Raydan, Hassen Farris Rizk Karameh, Daoud Hassan Harb, Hussein Mahmoud Abou
Saady Slim, Shaheen Mohamed Attaya, Mahmoud Abdallah Ahmed, Kassem Hassan Zayour, Saeid Abdallah Ahmed, Youssef Salman Al Ghazel, Ameen Hamdan El-Jowhary, Saleem
Salman Faraj, Shaheen Ali Abou Ali, Najeeb Moustafa Jamal, Kassem Mahamed Yahia, Morshid Salman Najm, Hussein Hamad Shaheen Al Mishhim, Rasheed Slim Yousef Hamad
Salman, Ibrahim Mahmoud Najm, Najm Kassem Jaber,Mohamed Fahd Hassen, Mohamed Hussein Hamadeh, Shahram Rada Hassen, Yousef Zain ElDeen Wahbeh, Ameen Hassen
Hussein Hamadeh, Ali Ahmed Shamseldeen, Mohamed Mahmoud Nasr, Ameen Hussein Ali Karameh, Saeid Kassem Mohamed Assaf, Mohamed Kassem Nasr, Daoud Ismail Kassem
Hammed, Moustafa Ameen Al Gharib, Salman Youssef Al Mishhim, Youssef Hussein Youssef, Hussein Mahmoud Karameh, Farris Melhem Hassen, Ibraheem Assad Nasr,
Saleem Mahmoud Abou Ali, Majeed Saad Al Deen Al Shaar, Melhem Ibrahim Salah, Fayez Keywan, Shaheen Mohamed Wahbe, Rasheed Youssef Yahia, Ismael Hamad Abou
Ltife, Kassem Ahmad Hamed, Fandi Kassem Mohammed, Mohammed Salman Nasr, Melhem Mohammed Abdel Salam, Saeid Hussein Alwan, Nassif Mahmoud Abou Ali, Salman Jammoul
Al Hassanieh, Aref Amin Al Gharib, Ali Al Abine, Daoud Melhem Jaber, Mohammed Abbass Yahia, Najeeb Ahmad Naked, Saleem Wahbah, Majeed Farris Jaber.

During the early years, the organization provided financial and civil assistance, as well as moral support to all its members.
On July 25, 1911, an Agreement to Incorporate was drawn up, and on the 3rd day of August, 1911, The Duruz Society was incorporated as AL BAKOURAT ALDERZIET
in Seattle, Washington. The document of the ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF AL BAKOURAT ALDERZIET is in the National Office of the American Druze Society archives.
It reads as follows:

AGREEMENT TO INCORPORATE

THIS AGREEMENT made this the 25th day of July, A.D. 1911.

WITNESSETH:

FIRST: That we, the undersigned, S.A. Cramery, C. Albert, Thomas Jaber, Salamon Hamad, and D. M. Jaber, subscribers hereto, have associated and do hereby
associate ourselves for the purpose and with the intention of forming a corporation.

SECOND: That the name of the said corporation shall be AL BAKOURAT ALDERZIET.

THIRD: That the objects for which said corporation is formed are and shall be: To render fraternal aid and assistance to any members
of said association who might become sick, to pay the sick benefits and fraternal expenses of any of its members; to acquire, furnish and maintain a place or
places for reading rooms, libraries and social meetings for the members of this association, and in all lawful ways to acquire, hold or dispose of any and all
real and personal property necessary or convenient to carry on the uses and purposes now or hereafter made the objects of this association; and finally
to cultivate acquaintances and good fellowship, and form a more perfect union among its members; and do all the things deemed best to further the objects
and interests of this association.

FOURTH: The said corporation shall be located in the City of Seattle, King County, State of Washington.

WITNESS our hands the date herein first above written (signed by each of them) that the following notice to-wit:

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Notice is hereby given that on the 3rd day of August, A.D., 1911, at the hour of 4:00 p.m., on said day in the New York Block, situated
in the City of Seattle, County of King, State of Washington, there will be held a meeting of the subscribers to an agreement to incorporate the Al Bakourat
Al Derziyet, for the purpose of effecting an organization of said corporation and adoption of the By-Laws and the election of officers. The following officers
were elected:, to wit:

S.A. Cramery, President

Thomas Jaber, Vice President

Salamon Hamad, Secretary

D.M. Jaber, Assistant Secretary

C. Albert, Treasurer

Attest: (Their signatures and that of the notary.)

(Mr. S.A. (Assad) Cramery was obviously the person among the group who could read and write English since he could sign his name
on the document. The signatures of the other officers were in such a way which was apparent they could not read nor write English. There is no record of the
true names of the officers since they were not recorded in Arabic. My sleuthing leads me to believe Najm Kassem Jaber could have been changed to the westernized
Thomas Jaber, and D.M. Jaber changed from Daoud Melhem Jaber. These names on the list of the original members. As for C. Albert and Salaman Hamad, I would
venture at the name, Saeid Abdallah Ahmed, on the list of members to be C. Albert. My only clue for this guess is that there was a Saeid Abdallah Kabbul from Ain
Zahalta in Detroit, Michigan who went by the westernized name of Sam Albert).

The 'El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat' meetings were held once a month, and the members met on the first Sunday of every month. Organized
meetings were conducted, and impeccable records were kept. Dues of .50 cents per member were collected monthly, and absent members without a valid reason
for the absence were fined 25 cents. A 25 cent fine was also levied on a member for tardiness, as well as for talking out of turn. If a member talked badly
of another member in public, and if a member's conduct was not conducive to the Druze Social Values, the member was suspended from the meetings for a definite
period of time.

The goal of the Society was brotherhood, and it carried out this goal in every sense of the word. The 'El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat'
paid doctor bills and hospital bills for any member who needed the help. Invariably, these members were able to pay the money back to the Society when they had recuperated.
The Duruz Society also paid the cost of funerals for those whose families who required the assistance. Loans were made to members threatened with bankruptcy,
as well as to those who needed help in starting a small business. As the organization grew, it thrived from its good deeds and the perception of brotherhood among
the Druze community. The 'El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat' was as it should be! Unity, harmony, and oneness among all the members. The Society flourished and continued
to be very effective and active. It contributed to the cultural, educational, and modernizational projects undertaken by the Druze in Lebanon and in Syria.
In the name of patriotism and Druzism, the Seattle 'El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat' showed a great sense of responsibility and commitment here at home in the United
States and abroad in Lebanon and in Syria.

Seattle's Mother Branch' continued to be very effective and active, and 'S.M. James recalls, 'In July of 1914, the Druze held their
first convention in the Middle West. At times during the convention, there were 500 or 600 people. Visitors came from Canada, Mexico, and Central America. The
executive committee of the convention rented a big building. They put in a kitchen to serve Syrian food everyday. The city invited the city officials of St. Joe.
After dinner, the mayor and the Chief of Police thanked the committee and admitted that they had never tasted such good food as they had that night. The convention
lasted almost ten days. There was my Mujwizw, Dapke, Ghanna, and lots of fun day and night."

As the early immigrants settled in the United States, they inquired into the possibility of beginning branches in their cities with
the Seattle branch as the 'Mother Branch' because the need for brotherhood among the Druze immigrants grew very strong. The candle had been lit, and Druze esprit
de corps had begun, there in Seattle, Washington. One of the Seattle settlers, Mr. Assaad Cramey, moved from Seattle, Washington to Cleveland, Ohio and settled
among the large Druze community there. He was instrumental in having organized the first branch of The Druze Society in 1916 in Cleveland, Ohio. It was called
Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.

The organization continued to grow, and as the founding members had done, the new members shared in eating the salt that marked unity,
harmony, and oneness among all the members. For the newcomers, the eating of the salt signified his initial pledge to the group; for the old members, it
was a renewal of their commitment . There were ten branches throughout the United States by the year 1946.

BRANCH #1

Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Cleveland was the promising child of an urgent need of a cohesive group of an ethnic community
scattered over a large territory in a foreign land. It fulfilled that need bravely and creditably and without regret nor tarnish. It lacked a recognized National
Authority, but though local and narrow in its organization, it kept a lively exchange of dialogue, correspondence, and visitation among its several branches.

Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat started in Cleveland, Ohio when Mr. Assaad Cramey, moved to Cleveland from Seattle, Washington. He
came from the village of Ains Zahalta in the Chouf Mountains of Lebanon on April 16 in the year 1916 and first settled in Seattle, Washington. The Cleveland
Branch was founded by mostly members of the Seattle El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat who had moved to Cleveland, Ohio. They wanted to continue the work that they
had begun in Seattle. Most of these people were from Aramoon, Lebanon in the Gharb district. The majority were from the Yahyia family.

Mr. Said Kabalan, says that his father came to the United States in 1913 and became a member of Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Cleveland, Ohio. His father was not among the founders; however, he played a large role in the Cleveland Branch and was instrumental in incorporating the
Branch as a non-profit, cultural, social, and welfare corporation. This was done in 1926. Mr. Said Kabalan says that the original charter has been placed
in the archives of the Western Reserve Historical Society in Cleveland, Ohio for safekeeping and preservation for use by researchers of the history of Cleveland.

Mr. Said Kabalan says that an influential person from Cleveland, Ohio who was instrumental in promoting and organizing eight
branches of El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was Dr. Mohammed Yahyia. Dr. Yahya worked diligently in promoting the unity of the Druze in the United States. He was
the first Druze to obtain a medical degree in the United States. He received his Pre-medical degree from the University of Washington, and his Medical Degree
from Rush Medical College of the University of Illinois.

The address of the Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Cleveland was P.O. Box 373, Cleveland, Ohio. The local officers were: Mohamed
Fahd Hassen, Milhem Ali Zayour, Nayef Assaf Slim, Saeid Abdallah, Youssef Mohamed
Fahd, Saied Assaf, Ali Abou Jaoudeh, Daoud Hassen, Mahmoud Al Mishhim, Farris
Hassen Abou Ghader, and Sleiman Ali Zayour.

Mr. Abbass Dakdouk from Cleveland, Ohio was a charter
member. He was 16 years old when he emigrated to this country from Aramoon,
Lebanon in 1913. He recalls: "I arrived in the United States, and the brotherhood
I found among my fellow Druzes through the Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
sustained me. We shared the joys and sorrows of each other, and we traveled
long distances to attend weddings and funerals." He was the president of
Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Cleveland for 12 years, and he was able
to list the members and their village of origin. They are as follows:

Nasseem Saleem (Jubaa), Hussein Helal ( Karnayel),
Youssef Fahed, Saleem Wahbe El-Buinnieh, Alie Ahmed El-Buinnie, Rasheed Ahmed
El-Buinnieh, Sulieman Zayour, Milhem Zayour, Mohammed Fahed, David Harb, Assaad
Cramey (Ain-Zahalta), Hassan El-Sayegh (Chouroon), Moustafa Ghareeb (Fafer Matta),
Saied Nasser(Bshatfeen), Mohammed Alem El-Deen, Mahmoud El-Mushham( Aghmeed),
Hussein Yahyee, Milhem Ebraheem Yahyee, Said Yahyee, Rashid Saleem Yahyee, Kassem
Mohammed Yahyee, Abbass Dakdouk, Saleem Mohammed Dakdouk, Hani El-Moghtar, Kabalan
Dow Bshatfeen, Toufeek Alie El-Moghtar, Najeeb El-Moghtar, Youssef El-Moghtar,
Mohammed Ahmed El-Jowhary, Hassan Alie El-Jowhary, Ajaj El-Jowhary, Anees Milhem
El-Jowhary, Mohammad Abbas Abo-Fokher, Milhem Najeeb, Hussein Kabalan, Saleem
Kabalan, Saied Hamdan, Fandy El-Jowhary, Troudy El-Jowhary, Alie Nassar El-Jowhary,
Mohammed Saied El-Jowhary, Mohammed Saleem El-Jowhary, Assad Ahmad El-Jowhary
(Aramoon), Abdallah Sandeed, Abdallah Sandeed (Alley), Alie Hamzey (Obiediat),
Kassem Atalla, Milhem Atalla ( Aindara), Saleem Syfe (Neigha), Mahmoud K. Ganem
(El-Warhaniet), Rasheed El-Shaar, Hussein El-Shaar, Majeed Shaar (Ainab),Khattar
Shukier (Arssun), Farhan Saab , Kamal Saab, Ajaj Saab(Chouifat), Fayez Mackarem,
Mohammad El-Halaby, Anees Mackarem (Rass El-Maten), Hamad Nasser (Araman, Jabel
El-Druze, Syria), Hussein El-Jowhary (El-Kafar, Jabel El-Druze, Syria).

Newcomers to Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in
Cleveland after 1930: Fawzy Baddour (Rashiya), Rafeek Alammy, Sulieman Mohammed
Alammy, Farris Alammy ( Aghmeed), Shafeek Dakdouk, Saied Kabalan, Saleem Afeef,
Anees Dakdouk, Hikmat Dakdouk, Kameel Dakdouk, Jamal Dakdouk, Fareed El-Jowhary,
Nabeel El-Jowhary, Fahed El-Jowhary, Adel El-Jowhary, Ghazi El-Jowhary, Youssef
El-Moghtar, Hameed El-Moghtar, Youssef El-Halaby.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH #1 in Cleveland,
Ohio carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Sixth Annual Convention
of the ADS at the Hotel Carter in Cleveland, Ohio. The year was 1952.

BRANCH #2

Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan
was founded May 27, 1917. The branch started through the efforts of Farris Hassen
Abou Ghader from Cleveland, Ohio. The address of Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Detroit, Michigan was 1337 East Palmer Street. The first officers of Branch
#2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit were: Abbas Salman Abou Ghanem, Ali Salman
Abou Ghanem, Khattar Moustafa Abou Shakra, Mahmoud Ali Dargham, Ibrahim Ali
Dargham.

It included members living in the surrounding areas
of Flint and Saginaw. It has always been the cornerstone of many Druze achievements
in the West, and particularly the American Druze Society. It remained a very
strong branch of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat until the years 1973-74 when it
joined the ADS as Chapter #1."

Mr. Nafe Katter from Saginaw, Michigan became a
member after he emigrated to this country from Bethloun, Lebanon in 1920. He
joined the Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan in 1920 soon
after his arrival. Mr. katter (Uncle Nafe) was able to list the early members.
They are as follows:

Fred Massey, (Aynab), Farris Mullin Abu Ghanem (Bmhrine),
Abbass Amin Abu Ghanem, Olie Amin Abu Ghanem, Hussein Mullin Abu Ghanem (Rhamliyyi).

A badge with a ribbon was worn by the members of
the EL-BAKAURAT ED-DIRZIYAT. Written on the ribbon is EL-BAKAURAT ED-DIRZIYAT
BRANCH 2 Detroit, Mich, the name of the Druze Society. Above this writing on
the ribbon is a badge which is another insignia with a logo composed of a five
pointed star encircled by a crescent, and above the crescent is a sword. Around
the logo, the name of the Druze Society, EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH 2 Instituted
May 27, 1917, is written. This is encased in the round gold badge. Above the
badge are two American flags crossing each other, and above the flags is another
badge, oval in shape, with two hands grasping each other in a handshake. This
badge is also encased in gold. Thus the esprit de corps among the American Druze
immigrants began over ninety year ago.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH 2 in Detroit, Michigan
carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Sixth Annual Convention of the
ADS at the Hotel Carter in Cleveland, Ohio (1952), the Tenth Annual Convention
of the ADS at the Fort Shelby Hotel in Detroit, Michigan (1956), the Eighteenth
Annual Convention of the ADS at the Daniel Boone Hotel in Charleston, West Virginia
(1964), the nineteenth Annual Convention of the ADS at the Sheraton Park Hotel
in Washington, D.C. (1965), the twentieth Annual Convention of the ADS at the
Statler Hilton Hotel in Detroit, Michigan(1966).

BRANCH #3

There is no information on record concerning Branch
#3 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat. However, in the files of Sami and Afaf Aboul Hosn,
there is recorded a third branch that was started in Butte, Montana. The name
of Abbas Al Sakaan was recorded in relation to Branch #3 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Butte, Montana. In another article in "Our Heritage", by ADS historian,
Mr. Henry Flehan " El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat - The Mother Organization"
has published a picture of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat Branch No. 3 banner with
the Words El-Bakaurat El-Dirziyat Branch No. 3 Instituted, 1918, Butte, Montana.

However, in the Convention booklet "The First
Mihrajan of AL-BAYAN", there appeared an advertisement of the Branch No.
Three in Danbury, Connecticut which confirms the branch was still active in
1947. The Arabic sentence under the advertisement translates to: "Branch
#3 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in the State of Connecticut and surrounding areas
salutes your accomplishments and loyalty." There are no further records.

BRANCH #4

Branch #4, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was established
in 1924 in Princeton, West Virginia. It was very prosperous during that era.
Many immigrant Druze chose to settle there. They settled mostly around the mining
fields such as Princeton, Bluefield, Matoka, and Kimbell, Mullins, Norfolk,
Welch, War, and Bradshaw. All of the original immigrants started in the business
of back peddling until later years when they began to learn the basic common
words of 'give and take' in English. Learning the English language branches
to a less back breaking means to make a living. The businesses these first immigrants
opened were then called 'Dry Goods Stores.' They also opened shops that sold
the American basic foods, the hamburgers and the hot dogs. Mr. Harry Hamdan
Aboulhosn was the only living member of the original Druze settlers in West
Virginia when the research on the Branch #4, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Princeton,
West Virginia was made. Mr. Hamdan emigrated to the United States from Bteghnay,
Lebanon June 23, 1921. He settled in Kimbel, West Virginia; then, he later moved
to Princeton, West Virginia. He and his wife, Najla Bahmed Aboul-Hosn and their
four children, Joe, Raymond, Nabeel, and Norman were active in the ADS since
its inception. The names of the early members of Branch #4, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Princeton, West Virginia are as follows:

Mr. Harry Hamden Aboul Hosn, Jimmie Mosrie, Richard
Mosrie, Said Mosrie, Abdallah Mosrie, Farris Mosrie, Sulieman Hassen Mosrie,
Towfic Zieneldeen, Najib Hamad Mosrie, Najim Hyden Mosrie, Kassem Flehan, Najeen
Mahmoud Aboul-Hosn, Kassem Abed El-Khalek, Kassem Mosrie, Jameel Sangid Aboul-Hosn,
Jaber Shukier, Majeed Milhem, Assaad Ali El-Awar, Hamad Mosrie, Ameen Roydon,
Sulieman Akel, Mohammad Hussien Aboul-Hosn, Richard Hamdan Aboul-Hosn, Ahmad
El-Zoaar, Milhem Atalla, Mirshed Kassem Aboul-Hosn, Slieman Moothad (Modad),
Hussein Helal (He moved to Princeton, West Virginia from Cleveland, Ohio), Olie
El-Olie Aboul-Hosn, Olie Sangid, Rasheed Sangid, Youssef Hamad Aboul-Hosn, Mohammad
Zaher Eldeen (Henry Flehan who is the ADS Historian), Wadeeh Sangid Aboul Hosn,
Joseph Hamdan Aboul-Hosn, Shaheen Mosrie, Sami Hamad Mosrie, Farris Shaheen,
Fowad Mosrie, Shakeeb Hamden Yawl Hosn, Baheej Aboul Hosn.

An application for incorporation was made on February
20, 1940. On record is a copy of the Certificate of Incorporation, State of
West Virginia. Article I states that the name of the corporation shall be Branch
#4, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.

Article II states that the location where all business
shall be conducted shall be in Princeton, Mercer County, West Virginia.

Article III states that the objectives of the El-Bakaurat
Ed-Dirziyat in Princeton, West Virginia are to aid, foster, develop and assist
in preserving the American type family life; to give individual service to families
in restoring them to independence and the normal way of life; to aid in betterment
of factors relating to home, family, and domestic relations; to do charitable
and civic acts; to furnish cooperation and leadership with other agencies in
programs for social betterment; to make By-Laws, rules and regulations for the
government of its members and contributors; to aid and protect its members and
to do all things necessary and incident thereto in carrying out the principles
and objects of this organization. Not to be conducted for profit and without
shares of stock - simply to promote the moral, social and educational welfare
of its members.

Article IV states that this corporation is not to
be operated for profit and will not issue capital stock. It shall be a charitable
and fraternal association made up of members of the Ed-Dirziyat in the United
States. The By-Laws will provide fee for entrance and a monthly contribution
paid into the corporation in the form of dues.

Article V states the names and the post office box
of the incorporators as:

Albert Ameen (Welch, West Virginia), Albert Mosrie
(Princeton, West Virginia), Joseph Najar (Princeton, West Virginia), Jimmie
Mosrie (Princeton, West Virginia) Joe Jaber (Matoka, West Virginia). These people
were also the signees on the papers of incorporation dated September 20, 1940.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH 4 in Princeton,
West Virginia carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention
of the ADS at the Fort-Shelby Hotel in Detroit, Michigan (1956)

BRANCH #5

Branch #5 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was established
in the year 1935 in Kingsport, in the eastern part of Tennessee which included
Bristol, Virginia and Tennessee, and Johnson City. This branch was like all
the others, strong and supportive of all Druze affairs, and it maintained complete
cohesion with all the Bakaurat el-Dirziyat branches, especially in Princeton,
and Charleston, West Virginia. They were, in their rights, successful business
men in all their endeavors and well respected in their communities.

Mr. Faheem Mohammed Mire Aboul-Aboul Hosn from Kingsport,
Tennessee joined Branch #5 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in later years as a young
man. Mr. Yawl-Aboul Hosn, despite his young age, is the only living member in
that area of Tennessee when he related the account of the history of that branch.
The names of the first members who started Branch #5 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
are not on record. The names of some of the original members of Branch #5 El-Bakaurat
Ed-Dirziyat follow:

Mohammad Hani Kontar, Saleem Shukie, Olie Shukier,
Hussien Yawl-Aboul Hosn, Kassem Sangid Yawl-Aboul Hosn, Saied Hyder, Hassen
Rafeea Yawl-Aboul Hosn, Alie Rasheed Yawl-Aboul Hosn, Najib Shaheen Mosrie (He
later moved to Princeton, West Virginia), Saied Najjar, Mohammad Makarem, Saleem
Makarem, Abed Elhameed Fathayel, Saleem Massaoud, Assaad Milhem Mughrabi, Mustafa
Saied, Najib Abi Ezeldeen, Alie Sulieman Jaber, Ared Zieneldean, Sulieman Alam-Eldean,
Rasheed Sulieman Yawl Aboul Hosn, Hussien Milhem Yawl-Aboul Hosn, Mohammad Mire
Yawl Aboul Hosn, Youssef Kabboul, Alie Jaber Yawl Aboul Hosn, Toufeek Hussein
Aboul Hosn, Shaheen Akley Aboul Hosn, Youssef Kassem Aboul Hosn, Slieman Saied
Areeth, Rasheed Kassem Aboul Hosn.

New Members After 1946 were: Mickey Sangid Aboul
Husn, Sami Akley Aboul Husn, Farris Shaheen Aboul Husn, Wajeeh Sangid Aboul
Husn, Mansour Mosrie, Rasheed Shakier, Najeeb Hamad Aboul Husn, Dawwod Slieman
Aboul Husn, Hussien Assad Aboul Husn, Faheem Mohammad Mire Aboul Husn, Fouzy
Mohammad Mire Aboul Husn, Ramez Kassem Aboul Husn, Jameel Shaban, Kameel Hyder,
Ezzat Dakour Aboul Husn, Jameel Barakat Sangid Aboul Husn, Mahmoud Shehabeldean
Aboul Husn,

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH 5 in Kingsport,
Tennessee carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention
of the ADS at the Fort-Shelby Hotel in Detroit, Michigan (1956).

BRANCH #6

Branch #6 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was established
in 1937 in Charleston, West Virginia. It too, was very active in the surrounding
areas of West Virginia and Tennessee.

Details of Branch #6 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat were
given to Mr. Henry Flehan by Mr. Aref Kassem Mire from Charleston, West Virginia.
In 1921, Mr. Mire came to the United States with plans to settle. He was just
seventeen years old. However, when he reached Ellis Island, he was turned away
for health reasons, and he returned to his home in Lebanon. In 1934, Mr. Mire
again set sail for the United States, and this time he was admitted. He made
his home in Charleston, West Virginia where he became a member of Branch #6
El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Charleston, West Virginia.

The original members of Branch #6 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
are:

Ameen Yousef Mire, Sulieman Yousef Mire, Khaleel
Shibley Mire, Assad Shibley Mire, Dawood (David) Denaan Mire, Toufeek Said Mire,
Aref Kassem Mire, Fakher El-Deen Assrawy, Naseef Assrawy, Najeeb Ajaab, Hassan
Ajaab, Mickey Sangid Yawl-Husn (He moved to Charleston, West Virginia from Kingsport,
Tennessee, Rasheed Shaar, Saleem Shaar, Hussien Yahyee, Said Yahyee, Rasheed
Yahyee, Hassan El-Sayegh, Hassan El-Jowhary, Sulieman Saleem, Ameen Abo-Saeid,
Mahmoud Barakat.

In the Convention booklet "The First Mihrajan
of AL-BAYAN," there appeared an advertisement of the Branch No. Six in
Charleston, West Virginia which confirms the branch was still active in 1947.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH #6 in Charleston,
West Virginia carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention
of the ADS at the Fort Shelby Hotel in Detroit, Michigan(1956).

Bracnh #7

Branch #7 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was in Richmond,
Virginia.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH # 7 in Virginia
carries an advertisement in the Booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention of the
ADS at the Fort-Shelby Hotel in Detroit, Michigan. The year was 1956. There
are no further records.

BRANCH #8

Branch #8 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was in Hopewell,
Virginia, and it was established in 1936. There are no further records.

BRANCH #9

Branch #9 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat was later established
in Seminole, Oklahoma.

In the convention booklet, the names of the committee
members of the "First Mihrajan of AL-BAYAN," appear in a list and
"Branch #9 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat, Seminole, Oklahoma" appeared in
that list. There are no further records.

BRANCH #10

Branch #10 was in Texas.

EL-BAKAURAT ED- DIRZIYAT BRANCH #10 in Texas carries
an advertisement in the Booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention of the ADS at
the Hotel Fort Shelby in Detroit, Michigan. The year was 1956. There are no
further records.

SUMMARY

The ten branches of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
flourished up to and throughout the 1940's. The members of all the branches
of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat were good and uprights, ethical, and honest citizens
of their adopted country, the United States of America; yet, they preserved
the traditions and the culture of the Druze Faith, all the while, striving to
maintain and reserve the Druze Social Values in which they were raised. They
imparted the Druze Social Values to their children, however, the time and pace
of the world was rapidly changing, and there were other interests for those
first generation Americans. The branches of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat began
to become inactive; one after the other.

In 1969, The mother branch, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Seattle, Washington became inactive. Money left in its account was sent to
the Druze Orphanage, Dar el-Yateem, in Abey, Lebanon. Since its inception, the
Seattle branch had supported this worthwhile cause, the Dar el-Yateem in Abey,
and they had also contributed to the Institution for the Elderly and Disabled
Druze in Lebanon, 'Maawa Al Oujaz.' These early immigrants had been pioneers
of Druze culture in the United States, and they had served with honor through
their beloved society, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.

In the Convention booklet "The First Mihrajan
of AL-BAYAN," there appeared an advertisement of the Seattle Branch El-Bakaurat
Ed-Dirziyat which proves the branch was still active in 1947. It reads :"
Compliments of members of AL-BAKOURAT EL -DURZIYEH, Seattle, Washington. Hassen
W. Sayegh, Sam Smeil, David Smeil, Sam Hassen, Fred Deen, Ali A. Shamseldin,
Saeid Hassen, Kamel Hassen, Fred Hassen, Kelly Hassian Wahby, Joe Wahby, Mike
Imen.

An appropriate epithet for the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
branches is what was said by Mr. Faheem Mohammed Mire Aboul-Husn from Kingsport,
Tennessee when he finished relating the history of Branch #5 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
in Kingsport, Tennessee : "It is indeed sad, as in my case and others,
to remember the golden years of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat branches wherever
they were located. Particularly, when one visited these branches, it was as
visiting your relatives in the homeland. It did not matter who you were, but
only the fact that you were Druze. If we were to trace their habitat and business
places of yesteryears, we could visualize and hear the echo of their presence.
You miss seeing the neon signs of their identity, and their welcoming gesture
when you appear. Yes, it is indeed sad when one looks to the past and remembers
the old as I do today, when old acquaintances have passed away."

They are gone forever, but forgotten, not ever!

Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Cleveland,
Ohio

Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan

Branch #3 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Danbury, Connecticut

Branch #4, El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Princeton,
West Virginia

Branch #5 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Kingsport,
Tennessee

Branch #6 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Charleston,
West Virginia.

Branch #7 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Richmond, Virginia

Branch #8 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Hopewell, Virginia

Branch #9 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Seminole, Oklahoma

Branch # 10 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Texas.

The concerned members of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
throughout the ten branches in the United States became aware that this society
would soon be dormant, if not extinct, in the years to come. This created a
new trend of interest, which persisted for several years to follow. It was discussed
at every opportune occasion.

At no time was there a large membership of young
Druze in any of the ten branches of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat because the
Bylaws of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat required that communications be in the
Arabic language. Nafe Katter from Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat called a
General Meeting for all the members of that branch to vote on an amendment to
the Bylaws changing the Arabic language to English. He had furnished the officers
with a list of names of 45 young intelligent and eager American Druze boys and
girls from the Michigan area who wanted to be together in a club. However, the
resolution to change the Bylaws that Uncle Nafe had made was defeated.

But that did not deter the youth. Eddie Igram from
Flint, Michigan chaired the first meeting of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat Youth
Club which was held in the Durant Hotel in Flint. This was in 1943. The Michigan
Youth Club drew up Bylaws and formed their own organization with English as
the official language. However this was not the case throughout the rest of
the country. The Druzes were greatly alarmed because there was no fellowship
among the Druze youth, so they began to concern themselves with organizing a
club for all the Druzes to become involved . This concern finally reached reality
in the year 1946. The Druze then and before had not had an opportunity nor occasion
to meet in large groups other than at weddings and funerals. The year 1946 gave
them both.

In 1946, all Druze gatherings in Michigan discussed
the necessity of forming a lasting organization that would unite the Druzes
of the United States and bring them together once a year under one roof.

Also in 1946, a group of men, all members of a branch
of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat, was instrumental in having a Convention in Charleston,
West Virginia. "Al-Bayan" was one of the oldest Arabic newspapers
in the United States, and it was in dire need of funds, as well as support from
the members of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in order for it to sustain itself
and continue its publications. Mr. Mahmoud Sadek from Washington, D.C., and
a group of men who belonged to various branches of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat,
began a tour of the United States wherever there was a concentration of Druzes.

The other men in this group were: Sam Rafey from
Hopewell, Virginia (Salim Abou Rafeh); Fayz Rasheed from Richmond, Virginia;
Brahim Shoukier from Munday, Texas, Saeid Waheed from Lubbuck, Texas, and Jimmie
Silman who had just moved to Saginaw, Michigan from Texas, Samia Shoucair Salam
from Washington, D.C. and her two daughters, Nadeen and Alva Salem and Wadad
Silman, the wife of Jimmie Silman, Sr., and their daughter, Polly (Pauline)
Silman were also among the group. As well as gain support for the Arabic newspaper,
Al-Bayan, this group wanted to have a Convention that would bring all the Druzes
in the United States under one roof.

On June 23, 1946 the Druze attended the Historic
Meeting at the home of Mahmoud (George) Sadak for promoting "Al Bayan,"
the Arabic newspaper owned by Ameen David Fayad. Present were Uncle Nafe Katter,
Ameen David, Aref Al Awar, Rashid Hassen Rashid, Sam Rafey, Najm Basheer, Slyman
Sadak, (Mahmoud's brother), Said Kabalan, Salim Showker, Khatter Rashid, Mansour
Showker, Said Rashid, Salim Massoud Abdul Khalek, Ferris Sadak (Mahmoud's son),
Fayez Rashid (seated), Jamil Sayegh, Abbass Nasrallah, Yusuf Aboul Hosn, and
Ali Sleiman Jaber.

The First Convention was planned with the purpose
of rallying the American born Druzes to become acquainted with each other, as
well. As the group toured the United States to demonstrate support for the Al-Bayan,
they proposed that each member of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat take his wife
and children to the First Mihrajan of the Al-Bayan. Thereafter, on October 15,
1946 at the house of Zakia and Sylamn Joseph of Charleston, West Virginia, the
decision for holding yearly conventions found universal support among the community
members. This would be done in the name of the "Al-Bayan", its stockholders,
subscribers, supporters, and friends.

"Al-Bayan" is an Arabic newspaper published
in Washington, D.C. At that time, there was a strong movement to support the
continuing publishing of the Al-Bayan as it was the only source of communication
among all the Druze community. It was working then, as it always had been, in
accordance with its constitution: to strengthen and promote better relationships
between our country of adoption and that of our origin. The Druze community
was determined to find support to continue publishing the Al-Bayan. This group
of supporters decided there should be a gathering of all the Druzes in the United
States for this cause, as well as for brotherhood among the community."

To the best of our knowledge, the following people
were present at the home of Zakia and Slyman Joseph: Nafe Katter, Saeid Fayyad
(brother of Ameen David Fayyad), Yusef Bomorra, Farris Milhem Abu Ghanem (Mullin),
from Michigan. Melhim Yahya, Fayz Makarem, from Ohio. Rashid Al Shaar, Melhem
Atallah, Najib Mosrie, Sami Mosrie, Farris Mosrie, Aref Kassem, Henrey Flehan,
Harry Hamdan, Hussein Helal, Mahmoud Jaber, Rashid Mosrie, Slyman Joseph, Ameen
Joseph, from West Virginia Ameen Fayyad David from Washington, D.C. Fayez Rasheed,
Mahmoud Shaban, Kassem Shaban, Nejim Basheer, and Salim Abou Rafey from Virginia.
George Salem, Wadia Dakkour, Shakeeb Dakkour, Shakeeb Ameen. Anis Silman Ameen,
Azzat Dakkour from Texas.

A group of men decided they would go to many states
as heralds and invite the Druzes in those states to Charleston, West Virginia
where this first great event would take place. Among those ambassadors were
James Silman, Sr. from Saginaw, Michigan, Faze Basheer from Richmond, Virginia,
Brahim Shoukier from Lubbuck, Texas, Sam Rafey from Hopewell, Virginia, and
Mahmoud Sadek from Washington, D. C. They went to many homes in each state,
and they invited the Druze community to come together in Charleston the following
year to attend the Druze Convention. In the interim, the Al-Bayan carried the
message of the forthcoming convention to the Druzes in all the United States.

The immigrant members of the El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat
realized that they had to establish a means to create interest toward more fellowship
among all the Druze in the U.S.A. - to acquaint the younger generation with
one another and bring together a large number of Druze once a year at different
locations in this country.

Thus, the need for brotherhood has been fulfilled,
and the American Druze Society celebrated its 50th Anniversary Convention in
1996. The strong bond among the Druzes and dedication to brotherhood has prevailed
abroad in North America as it has at home.

1947. Charleston, West Virginia

The year 1947 and Charleston, West Virginia are
the date and the place of the FOUNDATION OF The American Druze Society. In 1947,
the AL BAYAN Corporation held The First Mihrajan of the Al-Bayan July 21, 22,
23 1947, Kanawha Forest, Charleston, West Virginia.

It is recorded in the first souvenir issue: "It
is with great pleasure that we take this opportunity to extend to you individually
and collectively our heartiest welcome to this first Mihrajan of Al-Bayan. It
is, indeed, a historic occasion that which brings together for the first time
the family of Al-Bayan ...".

"Al-Bayan, as you all know, is one of the oldest
newspapers in the United States. It was founded by the late Sheikh Sulayman
Baddour in 1910. It has rendered through these years invaluable services to
the cultural, educational, social, and public welfare of our Arab speaking Americans.
It has always been in the forefront in supporting every movement that was in
the interests of our beloved land of adoption, the United States of America
...". The first convention program appears was as follows:

Monday, July 21: Arabic concert from 12 noon to
7:00 P.M. at the Boat Club. Karawan Al-Wadi and his orchestra will entertain
the public.

Tuesday, July 22: Arabic dance (Dabki) and various
kinds of social and musical activities from 12 noon to 7:00 P.M. at the Boat
Club.

Wednesday, July 23: Meetings in the afternoon in
the Boat Club, Banquet at 8:00 P.M. in the Daniel Boone Hotel, All details of
social and musical activities will be announced daily.

Julie Mullin Makarem remembers that on Tuesday evening,
after the Arabic band had left the Boat Club, all the adults went to the homes
of some of the locals to spend the rest of the evening. The younger Druzes,
all gathered in the cars of the local West Virginians: Norman Shaar, Rufus Canon,
Romes Joseph (Mire), and there were others. The locals stopped at a place that
had water melons for sale. Each car was loaded in the trunk with the watermelons.
Then, the group set out to a park for the remainder of the night. There was
no time for sleep at this first convention. When the Druze Convention ended,
all that had attended vowed to keep in touch with each other, and of course,
to attend the second convention which would be in Washington, D.C. Thus, the
American Druze Society.

The convention booklet throughout contains advertisement.
On other pages, there are lists of names for other purposes. One such page contains:
The First Mihrajan Committee Members. These names are in Arabic, and the English
translation has been provided.

Daoud Abi Al- Mona, Aref Kasem Merhi, Raji Daher,
Abbass Dakdduk (Branch #1),Rasheed Hassen Rasheed, Abdel Hamid Fadayil, Rashid
Yahya, Abdel Hamid Yusuf, Rafic El Rasamny, Abdel Rahman Abdallah, Saied Baz
Radwan, Ali Ameen Abu Ghanam, Saied Daoud Zahareldeen, Ali Hamzi, Saied Rasheed,
Ali Slyman Jaber Abi Elhasen, Saied Salman Abdel Khalik, Ali Mahmoud Shadid
Abu Hassen, Saied Ali Ghannam, Omar Hleik, Saied Kabalan, Farris Ali Kabitah,
Saied Mohammed Halloway, Fays Rasheed, Saleem Abu Rafeh, Saleem Ameen Abu Hassen,
Saleem Shoukier, Saleem Ali Seif, Salman Assad Ameen, Salman Al Aridi, Salman
Fayad, Slyman Salman Abu Izzidine, Slyman Saleem Ali, Slyman Makarem, Slyman
Yusuf Merhi, Shibley Tajeldeen, Shukri El-Khouri, Fareed Abu Muslih( Branch
#2),Mahmoud Ghanem, Fareed Rasheed, Mahmoud Fayad, Kasem Shoukier, Mustafa Saied
Abu Fakhridinne, Kamel Abu Hatoum Hamady, Mansour Shoukier, Kamel Ghanem, Nafe
Katter (Branch #2), Kamal Yakhthan Rasheed, Najm Rasheed (Branch #7), Majid
Sharafeldinne Abi Elhasen, Najib Shaheen Elmosrie, Majid El Shaar, Najib Mahmoud
Ali Elmosrie, Majeed Farag, Nassib Ali Slyman Rasheed, Mohammed Zeineldeen Makarem,
Nassib Nakid (Branch #2),Mohammed Said Massoud, Wadih Eldakour, Mohammad Kantor,
Whey Chatter (Branch #2),Mohammed Merhi, Yassine Mashal, Farris Milium Abu Ghanem
(Branch #2), Amine Shuman, Mohammad Saied Abi Elmona, Yusuf Habhab, Mustafa
Saied Abi Elmona, Yusuf Chatter Elmahithawi, Mohammed Ali Abi Elmona, Yusuf
Rasheed, Mohammed Hani El Kantar, Yusuf Rayyes, Mahmoud Shaaban, Yusuf Saleh,
Mahmoud Sadaka, Youssef Kasem Abi Elhasen, Fays Mohammed Merhi, Yusuf Mahmoud
Najjar.

The above information was taken from 'The First
Mihrajan of the Al-Bayan Year Book.'

Nafe Katter, recalls: "In 1947, the Al-Bayan
Corporation held their first convention at Charleston, West Virginia. Mr. George
(Mahmoud) Sadek was the President, Mr. Nafe Katter, Sr. was the Vice President,
Mr. Richard Rashid was the Secretary, and Mr. Haney Abou Mislah (Massey) was
the Orator. Mickey Sanjid was the Chairperson. We all agreed to have a 'General
Meeting' because there were members present representing several different states
(This apparently was the result of those present having attended the Convention,
and the "General Meeting' was held after that Convention - The First Mihrajan
of the Al-Bayan. That first meeting was held in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Selman
Morhey. It was very constructive, and it approved the adoption of our name 'The
American Druze Society'. There was an encouraging number in attendance with
everyone showing much interest for its continuing the following year. In fact,
they agreed on several locations where several future conventions would be held.
It has become the cornerstone of the American Druze Society."

The First Mihrajan of the Al-Bayan convention provided
joy, happiness, and the feeling of family togetherness. The younger generation
enjoyed the continuous entertainment of dancing, singing, picnics, and sport
competitions, while the old folks reminisced about old times, exchanged news,
and conducted the unfinished business of El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat. The business
of the Al-Bayan newspaper was discussed, and when the Convention ended, brotherhood
and fellowship was inherent among all who had attended. All of the young people
at that convention were first generation Americans, and they were overjoyed
with meeting each other.

They each found that the struggles a first generation
American Druze has with other American teen-agers is insignificant. Each teenager
vowed to attend the next convention in Washington, D.C., and from that point
on, lasting relationships were made. The Al-Bayan newspaper wrote extensively
of the success of the first convention, and this made people in the Druze community
even more determined to attend the following convention.

The role of the annual American Druze Society Conventions
was known by one and all - bringing together the younger members of our people
so that they become better acquainted and join forces in working towards becoming
better citizens of our great United States. This role has never been questioned!
And, fifty years later, two people who had become acquainted with each other
at the third convention in Detroit, Michigan, Romana Williams from Kingsport,
Tennessee met Ali Alley from Berwick, Pennsylvania, met and they married, and
today, Helen Romana Williams (Aboul Hosn) Alley (Kansao). Her son, Andrew Ali,
met Neda El Awar from Detroit, Michigan at the 45th convention, and they married
in 1995. The forces started by the Founding Fathers are still at work!

1948. Washington, D.C.

After that convention, The First Mihrajan of the
Al-Bayan, the organization took on the name of The Annual Convention of the
American Druze Society. The Second Convention of the American Druze Society
the following year, 1948, was held in Washington, D.C. under the leadership
President Mahmoud Sadak and Vice-President Dallal David from Washington, D.C.,
and Polly Silman from Saginaw, Michigan was the chairperson . (The above information
is from the Memoirs of Nafe Katter, Sr.)

1949. Detroit, MI

Detroit, Michigan was the site for the Third Convention
of the American Druze Society on August 8, 9, and 10th in 1949. The conventions
began as just three day conventions. The Third Convention of the American Druze
Society in Detroit, Michigan was sponsored by Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat.
The President of the American Druze Society was Edward Igram from Flint, Michigan,
and the officers were , Maxine Dahook from Saginaw, Jimmy Sams from Bay City,
Kenneth Katter from Saginaw, Eddie Igram from Flint, Marian Rogers from Saginaw,
Eleanor Katter Hamady from Saginaw - then Flint, Hamad Bomorro from Flint, Sidney
Modad from Detroit, and Mabel Mullin from Detroit. The Honor Chairman was Michael
Hamady from Flint.

1950. Richmond, Virginia

The President of the American Druze Society and
Chairperson was George Rafey from Hopewell, Virginia. There is no other records.

1951. Cedar Rapids, Ohio

The President of the American Druze Society and
Chairperson was Dr. Eddie Richards. There is no other records.

1952. Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland, Ohio was the site for the Sixth Annual
Convention of the American Druze Society on June 30th, July 1st and 2nd, 1952
at Hotel Carter, Prospect Avenue at East 9th Street. The President of the American
Druze Society and Chairperson of the Convention was Fred Mullen, and Norman
Shaar the Vice President. The officers were: Mae Richards, Secretary and Treasurer
Mabel Mullin, Corresponding Secretary, Eddie Richards, Sergeant at Arms, Floyd
Saley, Art Editor Fred Mullen in his welcome message said: " We, the convention
committee of 1952, extend to you our heartiest welcome to the City of Cleveland.
It's convention time in Cleveland, Ohio. To each we give a key to the City of
cities. We want you to use it through these coming hours of many enjoyment that
are offered. Unless we help to bring joy and laughter into the lives of others,
we are entitled to very little fun ourselves. Our hats are off to you and the
door shall always remain open - for you, one and all, to join in making this
biggest convention ever.

The program was full of joy and happiness. It included
Luncheon, Picnic at Rocky River Reservation, Berea, Ohio, Sightseeing tour of
Cleveland, Square Dance, Syrian Entertainment, Semi-formal Dance and the Annual
Banquet.

1953. Dallas, TX

The President of the Society was Mr. Azzet Joseph
and the Convention Chairperson was Mr. Polly Silman. There is no other records.

1954. Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., was the site of the eighth Annual
Convention of the American Druze Society on June 28th, June 29th and June 30
at the Sheraton Park Hotel. The President of the Society was Jim Silman Jr.
and the convention Chairperson was Polly Silman. Officers: Mona Alley, Delal
David, Nadine Silman, Norman Akel. Committee members: Selma Sadak, Jimmy Silman,
Bashir Aridi, Mrs. George Slaem, Braheem Choukier. Guest speaker: Dr. Farid
Zeineddine, Syrian Ambassador.

1955. Charleston, West Virginia

The President of the American Druze Society was
Mickey Sanjid and the convention Chairperson was Bill Hamady. There is no other
records.

1956. Detroit, Michigan

Detroit, Michigan was the site of the Tenth Annual
Convention of the American Druze Society on June 25th, June 26th and June 27,
1956 at the at Hotel Fort Shelby on West Lafayette at First Street. The President
of the Society was Roger Mullin and Vice President was Grant Hamady. The officers
were: Julie Mullen, Secretary-Treasurer, Fadwa Shibley, Corresponding Secretary,
Nafe Bomorro, and Kamel Kasem was Master of Ceremonies. Other Committee members
were: Sidney Modad, Sam Albert, Helen Dow, Helen Igram, Jemila Salamy, Mouner
Kasem, Fred Gazaley Malakie Fayad, Fred Mullen, Advisors: Jack Hamady, Sam Amin.

The Detroit Convention Committee, dedicated the
1956 program book in the memory of William Igram who chaired the 1949 Convention.
Monday, June 25th, the conventioneer gathered for a luncheon. The program included
a tour of the Ford Motor Company, Picnic at Belle Island, Moonlight Cruise on
Lake St. Claire, Business meeting, Square Dance, Arabic Entertainment.

Michael Hamady from Flint, Michigan wrote in the
program booklet of the Tenth Annual Convention in 1956, " I regret very
much that because of ill health, I am unable to attend your convention, but
I assure you that I am with you in spirit. This convention has the most commendable
purpose of bringing together the younger members of our people so that they
become better acquainted and join forces in working towards becoming better
citizens of our great United States. I am heartily in accord with the purpose
and work and wish you the best of success in all your activities. My best wishes
to you one and all." The Convention Booklet dedication was to the late
Mr. William Igram of Detroit, Michigan.

1957. Atlantic City, New Jersey

The President of the Society was Jim Silman Jr.
and the convention was chaired by Delal David. The only information found concerning
that convention was from Mr. Silman. He mentioned that all had lots of fun,
but unfortunately low attendance.

1958. Richmond, Virginia.

Richmond, Virginia was the site of the twelfth Annual
Convention of the American Druze Society on June 22nd, June 23rd and 25th at
Hotel Jefferson. The president of the Society and the convention chairperson
was George Rafey. Officers were: Eddie Richards, Jameel Ameen, Edna Joseph,
Joe Nappa. It was supported by many branches of the Bakourats.

1959. Washington, D.C.

The convention was held at Woodner Hotel. The President
of the Society was Jim Silman, Jr. and was Chaired by Edwards Richards. Again
the comments of the Jim Silman, Jr.: "It was a huge success with a huge
turnout." There is no other record.

1960. Charleston, West Virginia

The Fourteenth Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was held from June 19 through June 21, 1960 at Richmond, VA. The
President of the Society and the Convention Chairperson was George Rafey. There
is no other records.

The successful conventions became more and more
popular each year, and Druzes throughout the United States, as well as in other
countries began to know of its existence and even attend the conventions. The
convention was hailed by those great Druze leaders who had so diligently worked
toward the success of its continuity

1961. Flint, Michigan

The fifteenth Annual Convention of the American
DRuze Society was held at the Duran Hotel from June 19 through June 21, 1961.
The President of the Society and convention chairperson was Roy. R. Hamady and
J. Raymond Najar was the Vice-President. The Convention was chaired by Officers
were: Nadia Abraham, Secretary - Treasurer, Madeline Hamady, Corresponding Secretary,
Hamad Bomorro , Sergeant at Arms. Advisors: Robert M. Hamady, Jack A. Hamady,
Nafe Katter, Ernie Mullen, Fred Sefa, Jim Silman, Khalil Wahbey.Committee Chairmen:
Nafe Bomorro, Joan Sefa, Roger Albee, Jim Silman, Sr., Lilian Sefa, Helen Dow,
Fred Sefa, Hamad Bomorro, Nafe Bomorro, Nora Wahbey, Malakie Fayad, Joe Nappa,
Jack Hamady, Joe Sefa. The program included an Early Birds Party, Welcoming
Luncheon, Picnic at the Flushing Park, Flushing, Michigan, Brunch and Business
Meeting and Annual Banquet.

1962. Chicago, Illinois

The Sixteenth American Druze Society Convention
was held in Chicago, Illinois at the Hotel Sherman. The dates were June 24,
25, 26, 27, 1962. The President was Julie Mullin Makarem. She and her husband,
Dr. Sami Makarem, were still on their honeymoon while she presided as President
at the Convention. Sami referred to himself as 'Prince Phillip." They had
met each other at the 1961 Convention in Flint, Michigan and gotten married
just two weeks before the Chicago Convention on June 9, 1962 in Detroit, Michigan.
They lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan for one year, and Sami and Julie moved to
Lebanon with their two-month old daughter, Sahar, on July 9, 1963.

Mack Joseph Azzam, the Convention General Chairman,
and his wife, Salimi, were the only Druze residents of Chicago, Illinois. Single
handedly, they sustained the American Druze Society by sponsoring the Convention
in Chicago. The officers were:

Vice president, Salimi Joseph Azzam, Secretary-Treasurer,
Nadia Abraham, Corresponding Secretary, Joan Sefa, Sergeant-At-Arms, Amin Ally,
Executive Secretary, Joe H. Nappa, Advisors: Robert M. Hamady Flint, Jack A.
Hamady ,Roy R. Hamady, Nafe Katter, Sr. Saginaw, Charles Dahook, Ernie Mullen,
Fred Sefa, Jim Silman, Sr., Khalil Wahbey . Convention Committee: Roy R. Hamady,
James Albee, Selma Joe Bomorro ,Ajaj Andary, Selma Dahook, Emma Saley, Salimi
Azzam, Joan Sefa, Nafe Bomorro, Alexander J. Sim, Lily Hamady, Floyd Saley,
Sami Nassib Makarem , Ralph Modad, Slyman Kysia.

Julie Mullin was elected the National President
in 1961, and with her team of officers, she carried the Society through another
tumultus year. She was the first woman awarded Life Membership for her devotion
and dedication to her beloved American Druze Society. Julie met the criteria
for the "Life Member' and under the recommendation of Robert Hamady from
Flint, Michigan, and seconded by Uncles Nafe Katter from Saginaw, Michigan,
and Jack Hamady from Flint, Michigan, and Rafic Rasamny from New York, Julie
was awarded Life Member status during the Banquet. In her "A Message from
the President" she writes in the Convention Booklet: "It is with pleasure
that I write this annual Presidential message. This year marks the Sixteenth
Anniversary of the American Druze Society. Since its inception in 1947, this
Society has done the best it could in order to fulfill its manifold task. Every
year, it becomes more and more aware of the increasing responsibilities it has
to face. These responsibilities make us firmly believe in the indensibility
of our American Druze Society for they can only be achieved by sincere cooperation
through such a society . . . It is the message of the American Druze youth who
are proud of being Americans, as well as being Druzes. It is, therefore, a message
of the youth, a firm will, and a continuous progress from the good to the better."

The program included Early Bird Party, Luncheon
and Welcome by President Julie Mullin Makarem, a Chicago Shoreline Cruise, Picnic
at the Clayton F. Smith Forest Preserve, Continental Breakfast, Arabic Movies
('A New Day in the Middle East' & 'Baalbec Festival' ),Annual Banquet and
American and Arabic Music.

It is important to mention, with respect to this
history, that the precious year of 1961 gave this society the legal name of
ADS by its first Constitution and Bylaws.

1963. Richmond, Virginia

The President of the Society and Chairman of the
Convention was George Rafey, and Jameel Ameen was the Vice-President. Officers
were: David Ameen, Edna Joseph and Haney Fayed. There is no other records.

1964. Charleston, West Virginia

The Eighteenth Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was held at Daniel Boone hotel from June 25 through June 27, 1994.
The President of the Society and the Convention Chairperson was Fred H. Joseph
and Vice President was Norman Shaar. Officers were: Ameen Joseph, Jr., Secretary
- Treasurer, Rose Marie Joseph, Corresponding Secretary, and Kamal Shaar, Sergeant-at-arms.
The committee Chairmen were Faye Basheer, Olga Joseph, Fred Yaha, Eddie Najar,
Jimmy Najar, and Mickey Sanjid.

The program included an Early Bird Reception, Luncheon,
Business Meetings, Picnic at the Holiday Park, Annual Banquet and Arabic and
American Music Entertainment.

1965. Washington, D.C.

The 19th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held in Washington, D.C. on June 28, 39, and 30,1965. The place
was the Sheraton Park Hotel. The President of the Society and the Convention
Chairperson was Randy Shaban and Farris Sadak as Vice President. Officers were:
Dr. Ernest Rafey, Secretary-Treasurer, Gamille Sadak, Correspond Secretary,
and Nabeel David, Sergeant-at the Arms. Convention committee members were: Samia
Salem, Samia Fayyad, Mansour Showkier, Nada Hassen, Camilla Ameen, Zee Sadak,
Larry Rafey, Alva Salem, Mohammed Fayyad, Chafic Abou-Hosn, Mahmoud Sadak, Jimmie
Silman, III and Dallal David.

In his "Welcome to Washington' Message from
the President" Randy Shaban writes in the Convention Booklet: " ...
After traveling throughout the country visiting with many members of our society,
I find that the convention means a lot more to our people than I had ever imagined.
We should all share the responsibility of participating and encouraging other
Druze to participate in he sprit of the American Druze Society."

The program included welcoming coffee, Picnic at
the Rock Creek Park, Private tour of the White House, Business Breakfast, Movies
of Lebanon and Baalbek, a Visit to the Lebanese Embassy, Annual Banquet, and
Arabic and American Entertainment. On the first day of the convention, Mr. &
Mrs. Ameen David invited all the conventioneers to be their guest at a cocktail,
Buffet Supper and Discotheque party in the Champagne Room in Washington.

1966. Detroit, Michigan

The 20th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held in Detroit, Michigan on July 7, 8, and 9, 1966. The place was
the Statler Hilton Hotel which was located in downtown Detroit. The Convention
was sponsored by Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan. The
President of the Society and the Convention Chairperson was Nafe J. Bomorro
and the Vice-President was Ajaj Andary. The Officers were: Jihad Alkateeb, Secretary-Treasurer,
Selma Jo Bomorro, Corresponding Secretary, Frank Hamady, Sergeant-at Arms. Advisors
were Jim Silman, Ernie Mullen and Floyd Saley. Convention Committee members:
Lily Sob, Fred Mullen, Enda Corte, Hamad J. Bomorro, Laura Mullen, Virginia
Mullen, Nora Wahbey, Helen Dow, Kalil Wahbey, Essam Naim

In the Dedication of the Convention booklet, Fred
Massey wrote, "Branch #2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan hails
the 1966 Annual Convention of the American Druze Society and bespeaks full enjoyment
for all participants and meaningful achievements for its worthy aims. Branch
#2 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat in Detroit, Michigan further, cordially greets all
sister locals of this fraternal organization and trusts they are all animated
by ardent interest in its life and sustained determination for its growth. Let
us rally around the banner of our Fathers raised fifty years ago. Let us pledge
out united fidelity to the Druze unity they envisioned and consecrated. Let
us give continuing evidence to their gospel of high purpose, vigorous dialogue,
and true friendship and understanding in our ranks.

The program included Early Bird Party, Luncheon
and Fashion Show, Panel Discussion, Question and Answer Period (Mr. Fred Massey,
Speaker), Dancing - Arabic and American, All day Picnic at Edward Hines Park,
Surprise Party, Breakfast and Business Meeting , and the Annual Banquet

1967. Daytona Beach, Florida

The 21st Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held at Daytona Plaza Hotel, Florida from June 26 through June 28th,
1967. The booklet of the convention was dedicate to late Robert Hamady. The
President of the Society and its Convention Chairman was Farris Shaheen and
Fred Deen was the Vice President. Officers were Delores Deen, Secretary-Treasure,
David Mosrie, Sergeant-at-Arms and Baheej Abulhosn General Chairman. Advisors
were: Arif Hatoum, Mack Hamed, and Sam Ackley. Convention Committee members
were Helen Alley, Elia Peres, Julia Alden, and Atef Hatoum.

This convention was for the first time in Florida
and had neither a large Druze community there nor a branch for the Bakourat.
It was a huge success. The program included Early Bird Party, Luncheon, Picnic
at the Tomoka Park, Breakfast and Business meeting, Annual Banquet and American
and Arabic music.

1968. Charleston, West Virginia

The 22nd Annual American Druze Convention was held
at the Daniel Boone Hotel from June 24th through June 26th, 1969. The President
of the Society and Convention Chairman was Adil H. Najar and William Hamady
was the Vice President. Officers were: Secretary-Treasurer, Norman Shaar, Corresponding
Secretary, Linda Nameen, Sergeant-at-Arms, Ernie Joseph. Advisors: Harry Hamdan,
Mickey Sangid, Freddie H. Joseph, Randy Shaban and Nora Wehby. Convention Committee
members: Emily Joseph, Joe Joseph, Fouad Ynava, Nahia Joseph, Lila Kannon and
Jamal Richards. Speaker: Dr. Abdallah Najjar, Chief International Affairs Office,
National Communicable Disease Center, United States Public Health Service. The
program included Early Bird Party, Picnic, Breakfast and Business meeting, Annual
Banquet and American and Arabic Music.

1969. Richmond, Virginia

The 23rd Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held at the Holiday Inn West from June 15th through June 18th, 1969.
The President of the Society and the Convention Chairperson was George A. Rafey
and Jameel Ameen was the Vice President. Officers were: Secretary-Treasurer,
David Ameen, Corresponding Secretary, Enda Joseph, Sergeant-at Arms, Haney Fayed.
Advisors: Sam Rafey, Najim Basheer, and Ameen David. Convention Committee: Nadia
Rafey, Idell Ameen, Evelyn billy, Julia Ameen, Virginia Fayed, Ralph Shibley,
Michael Billy, Said Ameen, Roma Ameen, Clara Ameen and James Sams. The program
included President's Reception, Orientation Meeting, trip to Williamsburg, Arabic
Buffet, Crowning of "Miss Druze" 1969, Picnic at St. Anthony's Recreation
Area, Breakfast and Business Meeting, Druze Panel Discussion, Banquet and Arabic
and American music.

1970. Detroit, Michigan

Detroit, Michigan was the site of the 24th Annual
Convention of the American Druze Society on July 6, 7, 8, and 9, 1970 at the
Detroit Hilton Hotel. The President of the Society and the Convention Chairperson
was Nafe J. Bomorra and Ernie Mullen as Vice President. Officers were: Secretary-Treasurer,
Dan Sefa, Corresponding Secretary, Selma Jo Bomorra, Sergeant-at Arms, Riad
Elassal. Advisors: Jihad Alkateeb, Jack Hamady, Nafe Katter, Mike and Zabad
Saleem, Kalil and Nora Wahbey. Convention Committee members: Laura Mullen, Fred
Mullen, Nadia Alkateeb, Ajaj Andary and Hamad J. Bomorra. The program included
Sip and Chat Party, Luncheon, Druze Panel Discussion, Picnic at Belle Isle Park,
Breakfast and Business Meeting, Arabic and American music and continental

Summary

The first seed sown in 1908 in Seattle, Washington,
El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat, has brought forth the American Druze Society (ADS).
The goals of the ADS complement the goals of the Branches of the El-Bakaurat
Ed-Dirziyat. The initial goal of those first Druze immigrants, the pioneers,
has been fulfilled and is alive in the American Druze Society as it was in the
Branch #1 El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat, as well as all the other nine branches. Their
aim was to keep Druzism alive in the Western Hemisphere, as well as to keep
all the American Druze, from generation to generation, proud of their heritage.
They had a dream that the name of Druzism must live on anywhere its descendants
might locate during the first period of immigration and thereafter. The dream
materialized into ten El-Bakaurat Ed-Dirziyat branches. They shared the joys
and sorrows of each other, and traveled long distances to attend conventions.

History of the Druze in the
United States from 1971 to 1996

By Ajaj Andary

1971. Pipestem Park, West Virginia

The American Druze Society celebrated its 25th Anniversary
Convention at the Pipestem State Park from June 27th through July 1, 1971. The
president of the Society and the Convention Chairperson was Raymond Hamden,
and Vice-President was Adil Najar. Officers were: Recording Secretary: Sharon
Hamady, General Chairman and Treasurer: Baheej Aboul-hosn, Corresponding Secretaries:
Mona Hamden and Nadine Mosrie, Sergeant-at-Arms: Kamal Aboulhosn, State Correspondence:
Bobby Jaber. Advisors: Harry Hamden, Jack Hamady, Henry Flehan, Joe Hamden,
Bill Hamady, Fouad Mosrie, and Hon Higinbotham. Convention Committee: Nadine
Mosrie, Mrs. Jimmy Mosrie, Mrs. Jimmy Sangid, Ajaj Andary, Hussein Aboul-Hosn,
Norman Hamden, Nabeel Hamden and Mrs. Harry Hamden. The 25th Convention attracted
hundreds of Druze from all areas of the United States, as well as international
visitors making this convention extremely successful.

The 1971 convention awareness about the need of
a formal organizational structure on national level gained momentum. A special
meeting of the previous convention chairpersons and founding members was called
specifically to discuss two main issues. The first issue was to reorganize the
American Druze under the banner of one national society and to draft a new constitution
and by-laws to meet the legal requirements for its incorporation. The second
issue was what steps needed to be taken to obtain tax exemption status for the
same. Members who attended this historic meeting were: Nafe Katter, Jimmy Silman
Sr., Jimmy Silman Jr., Fayez Bashire, Harry Hamden, Raymond Hamden, George Rafey
,Jack Hamady, Rafic Rasamny, Abdallah Najjar, Wade Hamd, Jihad Alkateeb, Ajaj
Andary, Floyd Saley, Henry Flehan, Adel Najar, David Najar, B.A. Husn, Kamal
Abul Hosn, Bill Hamady, Norman Shaar, Dr. Richard Baz, Dr. Ali Alley, Mickey
Sangid, and Dr. Sami Sangid.

After consensus was reached on common goals and
aspirations of the American Druze community, Jihad Alkateeb and Ajaj Andary
were appointed to draft a new constitution of the American Druze Society and
to seek the help of an attorney to qualify the ADS as a charitable and religious
organization with the IRS. The members present at this meeting pledged contributions
to defray costs of the attorney to ensure the incorporation and obtaining the
tax exempt status with the IRS. Immediately after the 1971 convention the Alkateeb-Andary
committee commenced work on the draft of the ADS constitution and by-laws. With
the guidance of Jack Hamady and the advice of his personal lawyer the committee
was able to draft a constitution with the acceptable substance and wording to
meet the strict code of the IRS without compromising any of the basic Druze
beliefs.

The "Preamble" of the new National ADS
Constitution stated that "We, Americans of Druze Faith and/or of Druze
descent, in the United States, and wherever else Druze people may be found,
do ordain and establish this constitution of the American Druze Society."

The National Constitution of the American Druze
Society was designed to promote charitable, educational and social pursuits
of the Druze community. This intent was emphasized while articulating the primary
purposes of the society thus expressly stating that, "The primary purposes
of the society are to perpetuate the universal teachings of the Druze faith,
the enhancement of fellowship among the Druze and Druze descendants, the advancement
of Druze religious, literary and cultural knowledge through education and research
and the betterment of all Druze people through charitable work."

The organizational structure was based upon establishing
chapters and branches subject to the policies and guidelines set forth by the
National organization with the emphasis on centralization of its policy making
and decentralization and national diffusion of its activities and structured
relationship between the national organization and the local chapters and branches.
The final draft of the National Constitution emerged after lot of reviews and
revisions. The American Druze Society was incorporated on October 27, 1971.

1972. Pipestem Park, West Virginia

The 26th Anniversary Convention was held from June
25th through July 1st, 1972 at Pipestem State Park. The ADS President and Convention
Chairman was Baheej Aboul-husn and Adel Najar was the Vice President. Officers
were: Recording Secretary: Sahron Hamady, Treasurer: Raymond Hamden, General
Chairman: Jouadat Aboul-hosn, Corresponding Secretaries: Najat Hamden and Nadine
Mosrie, Sergeant-at-Arms, David Najar. Advisors: Harry Hamden, Joe Hamden, Bill
Hamady, Norman Shaar, Jim Nassar, and Henry Flehan. Convention Committee members:
Kathy Altizer, Mrs. Jimmy Sangid, Mrs. S. M. Mosrie, Mrs. Woody Aboul-hosn,
Ajaj Andary, Freda Sob, Ambassador and Mrs. Baheej Aboul-Hosn.

The general assembly's first action was the adoption
of the new National Constitution and Bylaws of the ADS presented by Jihad Alkateeb
and Ajaj Andary. The second resolution was the authorization of Dr. Abdallah
Najar and the religious committee to seek the assistance and help of Dr. Sami
Makarem to write the first English manuscript about the Druze faith. The third
resolution adopted at this convention was the decision to hold the 1973 convention
in Lebanon. The fourth historical event was the election of the first national
officers and Board members of the American Druze Society keeping in view the
1973 Convention in Lebanon.

Officers and Board members Elected were: Baheej
Aboul-Husn National President and Convention Chairman, Abdallah Najar, National
Vice President, Adel Najar, Assistant Vice President for Finance, Ajaj N. Andary
Secretary General, Floyd Saley, Assistant Secretary, Freda Sob, Assistant Secretary,
Edna Joseph, National Treasurer, Raymond Hamden, International Relations Director,
Board members: Rafic Rasamny, Ray Helal, Nancy Naim, Sami Masrie and Ghazi Aboulhosn.

Immediately following the adjournment of the 1972
convention, the National Board of Directors began to prepare for the convention
in Lebanon. Baheej Aboul-Husn, National President and Convention Chairman, with
his team solicited the support of the Druze community, Charter flight companies,
travel agents and commercial airlines. Field investigations were conducted for
the ideal convention site, hotel accommodations and convention activities.

1973. Beirut, Lebanon

The 27th Convention of the American Druze society
was held at the Mirador Hotel from July 15th through July 22nd, 1973.

On July 9th, 1973, 250 members of the American Druze
Society and their friends came from all over the United States and Canada and
boarded the OAW flight from Detroit Metro Airport. Officials of the Lebanese
Ministry of Tourism and other government agencies met the members at the plane
and showered them with flowers and Lebanese flags. A committee from the Majlis
Al Mazhabi (Druze Religious Congress) were also present to welcome us. In the
V.I.P. Lounge Rafic Rasamny, Mack Joseph, Baheej Aboul-Husn and Ajaj Andary
met Lebanese reporters for newspapers, T.V., and radio. A folklore troupe performed
the dabke. The American Druze Society had finally arrived in Lebanon to be with
the relatives they loved, cherished and admired.

On July 15th, the official opening ceremonies of
the Convention commenced. Hundreds of immigrants, relatives, government officials
and leaders of the Druze and Lebanese community attended. Fuad Nafa'a represented
the President of Lebanon.

The ceremonies began with Raymond Hamden and Nancy
Naim singing the Lebanese and American National Anthems. Rafic Rasamny, the
Master of Ceremonies, welcomed the people and introduced the president of the
ADS, Baheej Aboul-Husn, who delivered the opening speech. Ajaj Andary introduced
the A.D.S. delegation and expressed their feelings as American Druze returning
to Lebanon. Mr. Sam Amin (Abbas Abu Ghanim) received a standing ovation for
returning to Lebanon for the first time after 55 years. Jimmy Silman and Raymond
Hamden expressed the feelings of the American-born Druze. In the evening, the
conventioneers were entertained by a Lebanese folklore troupe and western music.

On July 16, 1973 after the morning business meeting,
the members made their first official visit to His Eminence Sheik Al- Akl Mohammed
Abu Shakra at the Dar Al Taify (Druze Home). Religious sheiks, civic leaders,
social and charitable organizations' members gathered to welcome the American
Druze and to share with them the honorable feeling of belonging to a great and
rich heritage. This meeting with the Sheik Al-Akl gave the opportunity to convey
to His Eminence the wishes and needs of the American Druze in terms of religious
guidance, English books, and religious representatives to perform marriages,
write wills, and pray at funerals. This historic meeting laid the foundation
for the religious procedures that the Druze in the U.S.A. have today.

On July 17th, the buses left the Mirador Hotel to
visit Beiteddine, Sidon, and Tyre. This trip to the historical places was very
much enjoyed by both the American and Lebanese born. Some of the highlights
were walking under the Arch of Triumph which was built by Alexander the Great,
visiting the ruins of Tyre, learning about the historic glory of the Fortress
of Sidon and tracing the tree of rulers of Lebanon in Beiteddine. Jimmy Silman
Jr., after the guide finished explaining the history of the Druze Ma'any Rulers
with emphasis on the role of Amir Fakhr-Eddine as the true leader who united,
flourished and protected Lebanon's destiny, turned toward us and said, "I
never felt as proud as I do now!"

On July 18th, all the members visited Beit El-Yateem
(Druze Orphanage) and met with the founder, Aref Bey Al Nakadi. Many of us were
overwhelmed by the great accomplishments of Aref Bey, the founder the scholar
and the humanitarian. As we toured through the home we met hundreds of Druze
youth and infants who were not only given shelter and education, but also love,
hope and ambition. For the first time the ADS youth could really understand
the need to support this institution.

As a result of the extensive planning and numerous
contacts by Baheej Aboul-Husn, all of the ADS convention members were invited
to visit the President of Lebanon on July 19th. The caravan of buses and cars
journeyed to Zgarta, where President Franjeieh welcomed everybody with warm
words by stating, "Beni Ma'arouf are the original inhabitants of these
mountains and have been the defenders of Lebanon's unity and independence throughout
its history. Welcome to your home country!" The members presented His Excellency
with a gift of a gold tray commemorating this occasion.

From the palace of the president, the members drove
to Bcherie, the birth place of Gibran Khalil Gibran. This is the same Khalil
Gibran who was quoted by President JFK in his famous address the words, "Ask
not what your country can do for you ..."

From Bcherie, they visited Mar Sarkis Fountain for
lunch. His Excellency, the Governor of North Lebanon. Sheik Qassim Imad joined
the group for lunch. After that the group reached the gigantic and famous Cedars
of Lebanon. The group stopped briefly at Kafar Hareez, and were welcomed by
the mayor, city council and the people of that city.

On Friday, July 20th, 1973, the election of the
National Officers and Board took place. The state of Michigan was selected as
the sight of the 28th convention. On July 21 the conventioneers set off on a
two hour trip to Baalbek. The Ministry of Tourism and Historic Resources had
arranged for English speaking guides to explain to the ADS members the history
of the "City of the Sun". After the tour the members traveled on to
the Berdowni in Zahle where feasted on the variety of "maza" for which
this place is famous.

The final night of the Convention, the Banquet Night
was held on July 22, 1973. This was attended by ADS members, their relatives,
government officials, representatives of Druze social and religious institutions,
and newspaper, radio, and T.V. reporters. Due to health reasons the planned
main speaker, Sheik Najeeb Alameddine was unable to attend and Dr. Abdallah
Najjar delivered the main banquet speech emphasizing "The Druze's Role
and Dilemma in America."

Although the official convention ended several receptions
were held for the members in their honor during the next few weeks: Anwar Al-khalil
- Carlton Hotel, Faud Najjar - Aley, Aref Al-Awar - Karneyel, Ambassador Abdallah
Najjar - Beit Merry, Dr. Sami Makarem - Beirut, Druze Woman Society - Aley,
Congress for Social Action - Aley, and Nabil Harfoush -Hariesa .

A committee of A.D.S. delegates visited Kamal Jumblat
and Emir Majeed Arsalan and discussed with them the hopes and aspirations of
all the Druze immigrants and their need to unite efforts towards perpetuating
the Druze culture, history and religion. Dr. Abdallah Najjar and the Religious
Committee continued the follow up on the printing of the first English copy
of "The Druze Faith" by Dr. Sami Makarem and "The Druzes"
by Ambassador Najjar. Rafic Rasamny printed, at his own expenses, the first
ADS directory and donated it to the society.

On August 16, 1973, 250 ADS members boarded the
chartered plane that would take them back to the U.S. taking with them, apart
from material gifts, a sense of belonging to a great society with a rich heritage
and the unforgettable memories of a brief time spent in the land of their forefathers.

In October 1973 the Druze of Michigan unanimously
voted to adopt the new Constitution and Bylaws and thereby became the first
chapter of the national organization. This supportive move by the Michigan Druze
paved the way for the national organization to function within a wide spectrum
of interest under the National Constitution. The aim of the new organizational
structure was to adopt a dynamic program of activities which would meet the
demands of the young generation by providing them with an educational substance
to strengthen the roots of their heritage and unite their efforts to carry the
torch of Tawhid faith into their future. The following major actions were taken
by the national officers:

English version of "The Druze Faith" by
Dr. Sami Makarem and "The Druzes" by Ambassador Abdallah Najjar, translated
to English by Fred Massey, were distributed to Druze Families and were placed
in the Library of Congress and libraries of major universities.

His Eminence Sheik Al-Akl Mohammed Abu Shakra appointed
three representatives: David El Jawhary, Michigan and Ohio; Sheik Suleiman Abilmona,
Greater Washington DC. area, and Dr. Ghaleb Maher of Massachusetts.

A documentary under the name and style "Druzes
of Lebanon" filmed in Lebanon by Kathy Jaber Stephenson and Dr. Sami Makarem
was completed. The ADS National Board of Directors decided to purchase a copy
of the film for the Druze in United States and Canada. This film was very informative
and provided a visual aid which added to the educational process of the American
Druze.

Commemoration of Prince Fakhr El-Din Al-Maani II
- The government and Druze of Lebanon decided to commemorate the Great Maanid
Prince's 400th anniversary by forming a committee to build a monument in Baakline
honoring the great leader who "combined legendary courage with wisdom,
shrewdness and sincerity." The ADS participated in the project by donating
one thousand dollars.

ADS's relationship with the Arab-American Community-
The emphasis was also on an organizational participation in the Arab American
community by ADS. To strengthen and foster this new approach, Arab consulates,
religious institutions and non-profit organizations were contacted and handed
a written notice informing them of the ADS aims and purposes and included the
names and addresses of the National officers.

1974. Boyne Mountain, Michigan

The 28th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held from July 1st through July 7th at Boyne Mountain Lodge. The
National President and Convention Chairperson: Ajaj N. Andary, Vice President:
Ray Helal, Secretary: Freda Sob, Treasurer: Nadia Alkateeb, Parliamentarian:
Samah Helal. Board members: Nancy Naim, Jimmy Silman Jr., Raymond Hamden, Dr.
Abdallah Najjar. Advisors: Harry Hamdan, Jack Hamady, Henry Flehan, Nafe Katter,
Riad Al-Awar, Enda Joseph, Rafic Rasamny, Charles Wahbey, Wade Hamd, Fawzi Zaineldeen,
Jimmy Silman, Sr., and Adil Najar. Convention Committee: Baheej Aboulhosn, Dr.
Wahbey Sayegh, Nora Wahbey, Veda Katter, Mounir Kasem, Kalil Wahbey, Melhim
Dow, Freda Hamd, Joe, linda, Najwa and Adal Solomon, Kamal Shouhayib, Salma
Carter, Helen Dow, Salman Dahouk and Asma Hamd, Nawal Saley, and Adel Andary.
The following decisions were taken at this 28th convention:

The establishment of a Newsletter to be published
once every two months under the auspices of the National Board of Directors
and to be distributed to all American and Canadian Druze on the mailing list
for a period of one year. Mrs. Emma Saley was appointed editor of the ADS Newsletter.
The first issue was published and mailed to members by October 1974.

The Bylaws were amended to include three new classes
of membership: Charter, Sustained, and Life.

Miss Freda Sobe was appointed as the ADS Historian
to collect all news items, stories, pictures, social , cultural and charitable
activities and achievements of the Druze in the U.S.A. and Canada since the
first Druze immigrant arrived. It was hoped that this valuable information could
be collected in a booklet, published and distributed on a yearly basis.

Creation and appointment of new committees:

Religious & Culture: Floyd Saley, and Dr. Adil
Abou-Assi as Co-chairperson. Hafiz Ghousayni, Henry Flehan as Co-chairpersons
of Charitable Affairs. Chairperson of the Youth Committee was Samia Kansoa,
and Chairperson of Student affairs was Riad Al-Awar.

A scholarship fund started under the auspicious
of the Educational Committee to help Druze Students in the U.S.A. who need financial
help to continue their education. The Charitable Committee was instructed to
set up a plan to raise money to help the Druze Charitable institutions.

1975. Washington, D.C.

The 29th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held in the L'Enfant Plaza hotel in Washington, D.C. The President
was Ajaj N. Andary, Vice President: Ray HeLal, Secretary: Freda Sob, Treasurer:
Nadia Alkateeb, Parliamentarian: Samah HeLal, Newsletter Editor: Emma Saley.
Board Members: Kathy Jaber Stephenson, David Najar, Janeen Silman, and Mounir
Kasem. The Convention Chairperson was Nadine Silman and the Committee members
were: Selam Sadak, Samia & Mohammed Fayyad, Faouzi Zaineldeen, Randy Shaban,
Jim Silman, Jr., Polly Shadyac and khaled Fayyad.

The Silmans (Nadine, Jimmy, and Janeen) used their
years of experience by planing one of the most eventful and enjoyable conventions.
The Convention witnessed social activities, business meetings seminars, lectures,
sports, entertainment and banquet night planning in accordance with the new
constitution and by-laws format. The desire of the American Druze to unite and
solidify their strength was shown during the 1975 convention. It was indeed
a very healthy sign for our earlier organizational endeavors when there was
a competitiveness for the next convention site and for individuals to run for
national office.

1976. Pipestem Park, West Virginia

The site for the 30th Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was Pipestem State Park from June 19th through June 23rd. The
President of the Society was Floyd Saley and Hafiz Gosaynie as Vice President.
The Officers were: Treasurer: Nadia Alkateeb, Parliamentarian: Samah HeLal,
Newsletter Editor: Emma Saley. Board members: Janeen Silman, Henry Flehan, Fawzi
Zaineldeen, and Dean HeLal. The Convention Chairperson was William Hamady and
the committee members were Raymond Hamdan, Ameen Joseph, Jr., Idell Hamady,
Sharon Hamady, Olga Joseph, Norman Hamden, Mr. & Mrs. Harry Hamden, Mr.
& Mrs. Baheej Aboulhosn, Mr. & Mrs. Adil Najar, Mickey Sangid, David
Sangid, Rufus Kannon, Simera Modad Houchins and Norman Shaar.

The program included Early Bird Party, Breakfast,
Educational Seminars on "Our Arabic Heritage Through Scripture" and
"Druze Theosophy", Business Meeting, Breakfast, Annual Banquet and
Arabic and American music and entertainment.

The re-organization process continued throughout
1976 along with the religious heritage awakening which was led by Dr. Abdallah
Najjar, Mr. Samah Helal and the members of the National Board of Directors.

1977. Bay City, Michigan

The 31st Annual Convention was held at the Bay Valley
Inn from July 5th through July 9th, 1977. The President of the Society was Floyd
Saley and Vice President Hafiz Ghusayni. Secretary: Freda Sob, Treasurer: Marilyn
Safa, Board members: Micky Sangid, Samah HeLal, Raymond Hamden and Omar Kassem.
The Convention Chairperson and Newsletter editor was Emma Saley. Convention
committee: Jenny Katter, Helen Dow, Ken Katter, Mounir Kasem, Grant Hamady,
Arif Sams, Helen Sams, Frank Hamady, Veda Katter and Lilly Hamady.

Jack & Lilly Hamady from Flint Michigan became
the first lifetime members according to the new Constitution and Bylaws. Dr.
& Mrs. Fred O. Williams were sustaining members. All the meetings and seminars
were planned to be in the mornings, leaving the afternoons free for gold, tennis,
swimming, and tours.

The most significant event in 1977 was the IRS.
final approval of the ADS as a tax exempt organization. After three years of
preparation, hard work and persistence another milestone in the history of the
ADS was achieved thanks to Floyd and Emma Saly, Nadia and Jihad Alkateeb, Jack
Hamady and Ajaj Andary. Finally all donations to the ADS were Tax deductible
as a charitable contributions provided for in section 170 of the Internal Revenue
Code. The Tax Exempt Identification number given to the ADS was 23-71-55194.

1978. Houston, Texas

The 32nd Annual Convention was held at the Astro
Village Hotel from July 4th through July 8th, 1978. The Presidetn of the Society
was Muneer Zaineldeen and Samah Helal as Vice Presidetn. Secretary: Sayma Kansoa,
Treasurer: Mohammed Fayyad, Acting Treausrer: Marilyn Safa, Advisor: Floyd Saley.
Board members: Tamie Flehan, Dr. Nadim Kassem, Dr. Anis Makarem. Newsletter
Editor: Emma Saley. The Convetnion Chairperson was Earnest S. Ameen and members
were: Sheryl Ameen Saunders, Jeanne Cassem Laughlin, Billie Jean Ameen, Fedwa
Israwi, Camilila saffady, Jimmie Richards, Hamza Halaway, Casey Kasem, Larry
Ameen, Camille Silman, Hani Chtay, Soad Ameen, Izzat & Mofeda Dakour, Dick
& Sally Waheed, Sue and Fred Hassen, Don and Terry Waheed, Ray Helal, Charlie
Assad, Nana Hassen White, Fawaz Assad, and Fareed Hassen.

The 1978 Convention was very successful in terms
of attendance and activities due to the efforts of Earnest Ameen and his wife,
the Houston Community and the National Board. Muneer Zaineldeen, appealed for
unity of our community by encouraging people to join the ADS. Earnest Ameen's
tireless pursuit in Texas resulted in two new chapters being formed. (Killeen
and Lubbock).

Also in 1978 the ADS Relief Fund Committee was formed
to help the Druze people in Lebanon. Its members are Fowzi Zaineldeen - Washington
D.C., Hafez Ghusaini - Ohio, Dr. Anis Makarem - California, Rafic Rasamny -
New York, Nafe Katter - Michigan, Mickey Sangin - West Virginia and Ray Helal
- Texas

The election of the 1978-79 National Board took
place and Ray HeLal was elected President and Dr.Anis Makarem the 1979 Convention
Chairman. Mr. Ray HeLal called for a meeting of the Board of Directors that
was held October 13 through October 15, 1978. This meeting represented yet another
milestone in the History of the ADS because of the proposed amendments to the
Constitution, Bylaws, convention program, and relationship guidelines between
the National Board and Local Chapters. Immediately following this meeting Mr.
HeLal, in his determination to upgrade the organizational structure of the ADS
sent letters to many Druze members requesting them to write down their proposals
and visions for a viable organization to represent the American Druze current
and future organization.

1979. Los Angeles, California

The 33rd Convention held in Huntington Sheraton
Hotel from July 2nd through July 7th was attended by hundreds of people from
the United States, Mexico,Venezuela and Lebanon. The President of the Society
was Ray HeLal and the Vice President was Emma Saley. Past President: Mouneer
Zaineldeen, Secreaty: Camilla Safady Rasamny, Treasurer: Selwa Najjar. Board
members: Earnest Ammen, Dr. Nadim Kassem, Dr. David Najar and Salim Israwi.
Advisors: Henry Flehan, Ralph Modad, Samah HeLal, Ajaj Andary, Jihad Alkateeb,
Floyd Saley, Bajeej Aboulhson and Wajde Kabor.The convneiton Chairperson was
Dr. Anis Makarem and members were Casy Kasem, Safwat Israwi, Raja Zahr, Donna
Halaby, Dr. Sami & Leila Masri, Shakeeb Aboulhson and Daoud Jamaledine,
Fadi Saab, Samir Makarem, Bahij Abu Khzam, Akram Masri and Samir Assaf.

The hospitality of the DruzeCommunity in Southern
California was well appreciated and their committment to advance the cause of
the National Society was well received when they voted in December 22, 1979
to become a chapter of the ADS National organization.

The 1979 Convention was also important historically
because it was the beginning of the establishiment of the "Thousand Club"
by Uncle Jack Hamady. The aim of the "Thousand Dollar Club"was to
raise $100,000 for establishing a National Office to be managed by a full time
director to administer the affairs and further the aims of the ADS in an efficient
and business like manner. This will assure the safe keeping and continuity of
the ADS records and will also bring focus to our society, giving information
on religion, origin and heritage of all of our people through ADS publications
and News of the Druze people from all factors of life and the globe."

1980. Toronto, Canada

Toronto, Canada was the site for the 34th Annaul
Convetnion of teh Aemrican Druze Society. The presidetn of the Society was Ray
HeLal, Vice Presidetn: Khatter Fayyad,Past Presidetn: Mouneer Zaineldeen. Board
members: Dr. Nadim Kassem, Salim Israwi, Dr. David Najar, Wajd Jaber, Kemal
Casey Kasem and Dr. Raymond Hamdan. The Covnetnion Chairperson was Victor Botrie.

1980 was active and productive year in terms of
reorganizational structure, setting goals and working for their accomplishment.
The main issues were: the amendment of the Constitution and Bylaws which includes
revision of the preamble, setting the number of National Board Members to Eleven
including the Immediate past president (not elected) and council of chapter
presidents, setting election procedure and term of office for the National Board
of Directors, Developing and publishing the "Chapter's Guide" handbook
by RayHeLal, setting the terms of the chapters officers and Board members for
2 years starting in 1980, Redefining the classes and duties of memberships,and
the duties and responsibilitites of the Convention Chairperson, setting up the
financial and accounting procedures, the council of Presidents shall nominate
and elect a chairperson. Establishment of the following standing committees
: Committee of Religious affairs (CORA), Scholarship Fund, Publications Committee,
Committee on Charitable affairs (COCA),Youth of American Druze Society(YADS),
Fund Raising Committee, Nomination and Election, Council of Elders, Membership
Committee, Human Rights Committee.

Another major event that occurred in 1980 was the
appointment of Dr. Raymond Hamden and Cathy Hamden as the Editors of our newly
named "Heritage" magazine (previously the ADS Newsletter).

Also in 1980 the YADS lead by the youth of Southern
California and Headed by Babette Israwi, Tammy Flehan (N.C.), Janeen Silman,
(Washington D.C.), Linda Hamd (Michigan), Bobby Jaber (Georgia- and Fred Ameen
Jr. (Virginia), started organizing the young adults in their respective states
to participate in the various activities which would meet their needs to prepare
them as the future leaders of the ADS.

The recommendation of the religious committee Chairperson,
Dr. Nadim Kassem supported by Ray HeLal that the ADS obtain the services of
Shiek Mohammed Naim from Suwayda, Syria who will reside in the U.S.A. and attend
the annual convention and many of their functions also became a reality in 1980.

1981. Washington, D.C.

The convention was held from June 30th through July
5th, 1981. The President of the Society was Ray HeLal, and Kattar Fayyad was
the Vice-President. Board members: Selwa Najar, Dr. Nadim Kassem, Dr. David
Najar, Salim Israwi, Dr. Raymond Hamden, Dr. Abdallah Najjar, Muneer Zaineldeen,
Kamal Shouhayib and Wajdi Jaber. The Convention Chairperson was Muneer Zaineldeen.

The theme of the 1981 convention in Washington D.C.
concentrated on encouraging American Druze Youth to participate in the ADS activities.
Muneer Zaineldeen, Convention Chairperson, sent an appealing message to the
youth and President Ray HeLal outlined the benefits and opportunities of belonging
to the ADS. Ray HeLal, in his yearly message to the American Druze Community
emphasized the "great pride and awareness of our young people" as
they learn the tenants of the Druze faith and become knowledgeable of their
history and heritage.

In 1981 the search for an executive director was
finalized when the Board of Directors appointed Kathy Jaber Stevenson for this
position starting after the 1981 convention. Another important event which started
in 1981 was the beginning of research to document the early history of the American
Druze Society by Henry Flehan and Ajaj Andary

1982. Traverse City, Michigan

The annual convention, held in Michigan, and chaired
by Emma Saley was superb. The President of the Society was Dr. Nadim Kassem
and Randy Shaban as Vice President. Board members: Selwa Najar, Veda Yakzan,
Mike Fayyad, Samia Fayyad, Walid Harb, Wajdi Jaber, Dr. David Najar, Emma Saley,
Kamal Shouhayib, Ray HeLal.

Dr. Nadim Kassem, National President continued the
efforts to address the importance of religious awareness for youth by announcing
that CORA had written the first draft of material addressing religious and historical
aspects of the Druze Faith. Dr. Kassem's second goal of his administration was
to establish a research committee to study and make recommendations to purchase
and set up centers or homes for our various communities. It is important to
note here that the Southern California Chapter established a "Housing Committee"
of Salim Israwi, Casey Kasem, Raja Shaar, Ron Hamady, Showki Aboulhusn, and
Akram Masrie. Also the Southern California Chapter appointed Mrs. Leila Masrie
as chairperson of the Ladies Auxiliary Committee. The NBC magazine and David
Brinkley noted Casey Kasem as the network's number one voice. People magazine
also called him "the most listened to voice in America"

In 1982 the ADS Director Kathy Jaber-Stevenson obtained
the approval of the National Board to make the necessary improvements to change
"Our Heritage from a newsletter to a magazine. In his annual address to
the members, Dr. Nadim Kassem announced that the ADS had set up a special Relief
Fund Committee, chaired by Sami Merhi, to aid the needy Druze who suffered because
of the war in Lebanon. A relief committee was set up in every state where medicine,
clothes, and money were collected and sent to Lebanon to be distributed to the
needy.

The student Loan Fund chairperson, Kamal Shouhayib,
announced that two more Druze students had been selected to be granted loans
for college, bringing the total to five Druze Students to whom the ADS had granted
loans.

Dr. Wahbah Sayegh and the Religious Committee had
completed the writing of the First Book of "Tawhid Faith" which was
published by the ADS. Another important accomplishment in 1982 was the revisions
of the ADS Bylaws, elections of officers and board of Directors (Nomination,
filing, qualification, proxies and election date and time). The 1982 ADS yearbook
was dedicated to the great hero of legend, the symbol of courage, dignity, justice
and hero of independence - Sultan Basha Al-Atrash, "the Lion of the Druze".

1983. San Antonio, Texas

The President of the Society was Dr. Nadim Kassem
and Randy Shaban as Vice President. Board members: Selwa Najar, Veda Yakzan,
Evelyn Abraham, Mike Fayyad, Samia Fayyad, Walid Harb, Wajdi Jaber, Ralph Modad,
Dr. David Najar, Emma Saley, Moustafa Moukarim, 0Khaldoun Salha. The convention
Chairperson was Ray HeLal.

The 1983 Convention held in San Antonio, Texas was
successful and very enjoyable. Attendance from all over the world was very noticeable.
Mr. Halim Fayyad, the Governor of South Lebanon was the main speaker at the
Banquet Night. Ray HeLal, convention Chairperson, experimented holding a convention
where there is no Druze community concentration. The convention was almost flawless
and proved that this can be done.

On January 31, 1983 the National Board of Directors
and chapter presidents met with the representatives of the National Security
Council to discuss the concerns about our brethren in Lebanon. Mr. Robert MacFarlane,
Deputy assistant to the President of the U. S. and Mr. Geoffrey Kemp received
the ADS delegation. Dr. Nadim Kassem presented the ADS position paper about
the situation in Lebanon and expressed the deep concern about the fate of Druze
of Lebanon. Those who attended the meeting in Washington D.C. were: Dr. Nadim
Kassem, Sam Aboulhosn, Moustafa Moukarim, Randy Shaban, Samia Fayyad, Ralph
Modad, Shaheen Alawan Ferris, Walid Harb Dr. David Najar.

The newly formed American Druze Public Affairs Committee(ADPAC),
chaired by Muneer Zaineldeen and Dr. Raymond Hamden, issued press releases defending
the position of the Druze of Lebanon and educating the American Public.On the
Humanitarian issue, The ADS Relief Fund, Chaired by Sami Merhi, was able to
wire $50,000 to Druze charitable institutions and hospitals in Lebanon. 1780
pounds of medicines and pharmaceutical supplies were also air freighted.

1984. Orlando, Florida

The 38th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held from July 3rd through July 7th, 1984. The President of the
Society was Sami Merhi and the Vice-President was Dr. David Najar. Board members:
Veda Yakzan, Evelyn Abraham, Dr. Nadim Kassem, Nadim Abou-Said, Mike Fayyad,
Samia Fayyad, Shaheen Ferris, Walid Harb, Moustafa Moukarim and Khakdoun Salha.
The convention Chairperson as Dr. David Najar. This 38th annual convention was
very enjoyable and there were young adults attending. The registered attendance
was 650.

The ADS efforts to support and defend our people's
struggle to defend their existence continued. President Merhi reported that
"The ADS Relief Fund Committee was able to raise $220,000 in addition to
shipping over 3000 pounds of medical supplies and tons of blankets and clothing."
The Relief Fund Committee recognized the efforts of Moustafa Moukarim, Dr. Anis
Obeid, Halim Zahr, Jack Aboul Husn, Sam Aboulhosn, Adel Andary, Hasib Abdulatif,
Toufic Chami, Raja Aridi, and Ramsey Kaedbey and all local coordinators. On
behalf of the ADS, President Sami Merhi held many T.V. and Cable news interviews
and appeared on C-Span, CBS, NBC, ABC and local channels and newspapers. "

In November 1984 the ADS established the Newsline
in Washington DC to bring daily news to our members around the country. Mr.
Afif Khodr of the Permanent Bureau of Druze Institutes in Lebanon supplied the
News and Mr. Ramiz Saab directed and broadcasted the bulletins."

Later, in a letter to President Sami Merhi from
Mr. Essam Makarem, and Board Secretary Mr. Ziad Hamadeh of the Druze Foundation
for Social Welfare the following was stated: "In assessing our activities
for the year 1984, we found out that the works and efforts of the American Druze
Society were enormous and most fruitful in assisting the Druze Foundation at
all levels. We come to you in this letter to extend to you personally and to
all your associates at the Society our thanks and profound appreciation for
your vigor, strength and dedication in upholding the Druze Cause".

During this critical period of time when much of
our energy and time was focused on the crisis in Lebanon we did not neglect
our concern for the ADS at home. The Board of Directors during their Orlando,
Florida Meeting in 1984 passed a resolution to purchase a building in Washington,
DC area. Mr. Shaheen Ferris was appointed chairman of the National Home Committee.
The ADS Council of Advisors was also formed and Dr. Abdallah Najjar was elected
chairperson. This council was made up of experienced and long time members of
our society and their advice was to be yet another tool to help achieve our
goals.

In March of 1984 Mr. Merhi traveled to Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, and Lebanon where he met with leaders of those countries informing
them of the ADS activities and our efforts to help our Lebanese brethren. In
Lebanon he presented the ADS Board's recommendation to his Eminence Sheik Mohammed
Abu Shakra to appoint more representatives to perform religious rites in various
geological locations. Those appointed were: Walid Farhat - Connecticut, Riad
Abi Faker - New York, Dr. Ghaleb Maher - Massassutes, Aref Hatoum - Florida,
and Sami Merhi - New Jersey.

After almost four years of hard work and much professionalism
Kathy Jaber Stevenson tendered her resignation as the ADS Executive Director
and Newsletter Editor on March 1, 1984.

1985. Los Angles, California

The 39th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held at the Sheraton At University City, from June 25th through
June 20th, 1985. The President of the Society was Sami Merhi and Vice President
Dr. David Najar. Board members: Tammie Flehan, Eveyln Abraham, Dr. Mona Aboulhosn,
Shaheen Ferris, Bobby Jaber, Moustafa Moukarim, Mark Najjar, Nabih Nasserdeen,
Emma Saley, Dr. Nadim Kassem and Nadim Abu Said. The convention chairperson
was Dr. David Najar. The program included: Video taped message from His Eminence
Sheik Al Akl Mohammed Abu Shakra, Panel discussions on the Tawhid Faith book
two, International presenters and reports from the Druze Foundation for Social
Welfare, Permanent Bureau of Druze Institutions, and Foreign Druze Societies.
Once again Dr. David Najar organized a successful convention with the help and
support of the California Druze Community.

In 1985 the tireless efforts of Sami Merhi, the
Relief Fund Committee and the American Druze Community continued. The Relief
Fund Committee continued to raise money, gather medical supplies, and collect
clothes and send them to Lebanon on a regular basis. Other important events
which occurred in 1985 were:The purchase of the American Druze Society Headquarters
in Alexandria, Virginia was announced by President Sami Merhi. The house was
about 3,000 sq. feet located on property approximately 51,500 sq. feet. The
price was $180,000 with a down payment of $35,000. An ADS Building Fund collected
$41,410. Unfortunately, this long awaited dream of the founding fathers and
every American Druze did not live beyond the year 1986 due to technical zoning
issue and interpretation differences amongst the board members. Emma Saley was
appointed as "Our Heritage" Editor in Chief and was assisted with
an Editorial Staff of Dr. Mona Aboulhosn, Dr. Nadim Kassem, Dr. Abdallah Najjar,
and Dr. Wahbah Sayegh.Dr. Wahbah Sayegh and his CORA Committee completed Book
Two of the Tawhid Faith. Copies were available for distribution by the 39th
Annual Convention in California.

1986. Seacaucus, New Jersey

The 40th Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held at the Meadowland Hilton from July 1st through July 5th, 1986.
The president of the Society was Kamal Shouhayib and Randy Shaban as Vice President.
Executive Secretary and Treasurer: Emma Saley, Past President: Sami Merhi, Board
members: Dr. Moan Abul-hosn, Shaheen Feris Alawan, Hani Chtay, Dr. David Najar,
Nabih Nasserdeen, and Dr. Marwan Ramadan. Dr. David Najar was the convention
Chairperson and the Convention Committee of the Tri-State planned an exciting
and enjoyable convention. There were many very organized social-cultural, sports
events and entertainment events to celebrate the 40th Convention.

President Kamal Shouhayib and the new board concentrated
on improving communication with the chapter presidents and the general membership.
They sought membership growth by explaining the benefits and goals of the ADS.
This effort resulted in doubling the paid membership in 1986. Dr. Sami Abd-el-Baki
addressed the Convention on behalf of the Druze Foundation of Social Welfare
and Mrs. Adele Halim Takieddine delivered the Banquet Night Speech. The 1986
yearbook featured "Forty Years of a Great Idea" and included articles
on the history of the ADS, Convention pictures, chapter news, CORA's activities,
and an outline of the society's future goals. In 1986 New Bylaws were ratified
to included the office of President elect and 10 other Board Members. Voting
was changed to secret ballots by mail prior to the convention with the results
to be announced at the annual convention.

1987. Durango, Colorado

The 41st Annual Convention of the American Druze
Society was held at Tamarron Resort from June 30th through July 5th, 1987. The
President of the Society was Kamal Shouhayib and the Vice President Randy Shaban.
Board members: Emma Saley, Dr. Mona Aboulhosn, Dr. David Najar, Nabil Nasserdeen,
Hani Chtay, Behjat Jurdi, and Salim Israwi. The convention chairperson was Randy
Shaban. This was a mountain resort and the beauty and peacefulness brought joy
and satisfaction to the many conventioneers. Jihad Zuheiry, Abbas Halaby, Ziad
Hamady, and Issam Makarem were our guests from Lebanon. Hafiz Abilmona was appointed
Chief Editor of the publication of "Our Heritage" magazine and supported
by a staff of English editors. Emma Saley continued on as Secretary and Treasurer.
The Student Loan Fund had granted scholarship loans to 20 needy students. The
"1000 Club" under the leadership of Jack Hamady advanced some of the
donated money to help pay for executive office expenses. It is important to
note that the "1000 Club" had collected $88,000 by 1986. Dr. Wahbah
Sayegh announced that CORA had published Book III entitled Ethics and Morality.
The California Chapter had raised $150,000 toward the purchase of an ADS Cultural
Center in Southern California led by the efforts of Salim Israwi, Behjat Jurdi,
Uncle Jack Hamady, Ladies Auxiliary, and YADS of Southern California. President
Shouhayib and the ADS Board supported these efforts. A "housing Committee
had begun a search for a suitable location.

On November 1, 1987, Salim Israwi submitted his
resignation as National President due to health problems and irreconcilable
differences with the Board of Directors interpretation of the Constitution and
bylaws. A group of concerned Druze then responded to the call of Mr. Jack Hamady
to meet in Florida to discuss the resignation of Mr. Israwi and to provide plans
for the future to insure the continuity of the organization. The meeting, to
the best of my recollection, was attended by Jack Hamady, George Rafey, Dr.
Abdallah Najjar, Ajaj Andary, Salim Israwi, Kamal Shouhayib, Ray HeLal, Sami
Merhi, Dr. David Najar, and Adil Najar. A vote of confidence was given in favor
of Dr. David Najar, the Vice President at the time, to assume the office of
presidency vacated by Mr. Israwi. Behjat Jurdi was then appointed Vice President.

Dr. Najjar assured the community of the unity and
commitment of the Board to preserve our heritage and faith in spite of the different
ideologies amongst the members. The duty of every Druze is to uphold the Tawheed
faith in his/her mind and soul and to the American Druze it is to unite, to
promote and strengthen the goals of the American Druze Society. Dr. David Najjar
also assumed the role of convention chairman and invited the American Druze
community members to attend the 1988 convention.

1988. Tampa, Florida

The 42nd Convention was held at Innisbrook
Resort in Tappon's Springs, Florida from June 28th to July 2nd, 1988.
The president of the Society was Salim Israwi and Vice-President Dr. David
Najar. Board members: Behjat Jurdi, Hani Chtay, Hafiz Abilmona, Fouad
Halaby, Akram Jurdi, Muneer Zaineldeen, Raouf Richani, Eddie Smien, bobby
Jaber and Ajaj Andary. The Convention Chairperson was Behjat Jurdi.

Dr. David Najar's experience and Behjat Jurdi's
dedication resulted in a very successful and enjoyable convention. The
convention was full of educational, social, sports activities, music,
and entertainment.Dr. David Najar announced the appointment of Ray HeLal
as the Executive Director effective July 15, 1988. Immediately after his
appointment Ray HeLal implemented the recommendation of the Board of Directors
to purchase the necessary computer and office equipment to upgrade our
filing systems, update mailing addresses, and computerize the financial
statements and to produce our Heritage and Newsletters by desktop publishing.

The Board of Directors was very active and
met on a regular basis in different cities where ADS chapters existed.
On August 20, 1988 the Board met in Mesquite, Texas and adopted the following
resolutions:

The ADS was to hire a CPA to prepare the tax
returns and audit the books and a detailed financial report was to be
prepared and published.

Muneer Zaineldeen was appointed to represent
the ADS with the Council of Presidents of National Arab American Associations.

Ajaj Andary was appointed chairperson of the
constitution and by-laws Committee and was appointed the Our Heritage
Arabic editor.

To make the convention more cultural, educational
and religious oriented and less social.

To Ensure that all chapters are duly registered
with their state governments.

To implement religious services at the chapter
level.

Ray HeLal acting as the full-time Executive
Director and Our Heritage editor devoted all his time to organizing the
National office, communicating with the chapters, researching and compiling
facts and figures regarding our accomplishments to encourage our community
to join the ADS.

1989. Washington D.C.

The 43rd Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was held at the Washington Sheraton hotel from July 4th
through July 8th, 1989. The president of the Society was Dr. David Najar
and Vice-President Behjat Jurdi. Board members: Ajaj Andary, Hafiz Abilmona,
Sara Aboulhosn, Mouneer Zaineldeen, Fouad Halaby, Akram Jurdi, Raouf Richani
and Bobby Jaber. The convention Chairperson was Behjat Jurdi.

" We are shinning in Washington DC."
Wrote the executive director about the 1989 convention. We have recorded
the largest pre-registration ever. Fellow Druze and families from the
U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, England, Switzerland, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia and Lebanon attended the convention and enjoyed the Historical
sites, the convention activities and Washington D.C.'s Druze community's
hospitality. The Druze community was very proud and honored to have Selwa
(Shokair) Roosevelt and the honorable James Abourisk as guests of honor
and main speakers. Also, Jihad Zuheiri delivered Mr. Walid Jumblatt's
message, Dr. Abdallah Najjar spoke on behalf of the Druze Foundation for
Social Welfare and Sami Merhi for honoring Mr. Shakib Nakadi.

Success for this convention can be attributed
to the hard work and efforts of Dr. David Najar, Jimmy and Nadine Silman,
Behjat Jurdi(Chairperson), Kamal Najjar (Co-ordinator), Samia Fayyad and
Ghassan Abdel Khalik. Ajaj Andary was sworn in as president along with
the new board .

On July 8, 1989, Ajaj Andary conducted his
first meeting as National President of the ADS. He asked the co-operation
of the Board and Chairperson of every committee to help achieve the goals
and ideas he established for 1989-1991. The goals and plans included:

Concentrating on Chapter re-organization.
Appointing a membership chairperson to contact inactive members to rejoin
the ADS and to attract new members, and to assist with an up-to-date census
of the American Druze. Assign on Board member to: visit their designated
chapter at least twice each year; b. work with chapter officers and the
community; help CO-ordinate chapter activities with the national activities;
plan Eid-al-Adha celebrations;

plan religious and educational seminars on
a yearly basis; and provide assistance to the chapters as needed and report
on their progress and problems to the National Board.

Establishing a youth program (educational,
social and athletic). Establishing a Board of Trustees to work with the
Board of Directors to address and plan the social, cultural, religious
and financial needs of the society. To actively support the efforts of
CORA to plan and sponsor religious retreats, especially for the young
adults. To plan an exchange program for Druze young adults with other
overseas countries. To actively support the efforts of COCA and encourage
our members to contribute to the orphanage and other worthy Druze charities.
To publicize the student loan fund contribution to the education of needy
students and to raise money and make loans available. To encourage chapter
participation in the convention by sponsoring a lecture, seminar, talent
show, debke, play, arts and crafts. To honor and recognize members who
graduate with special achievements, who succeeded in business and who
are gifted and talented. To appoint a committee to contact Druze communities
throughout the world for mutual exchange of ideas, talent and programs
that address the common needs of our people. To create an ADS liaison
Committee to co-ordinate and play a larger role with the Arab-American
community. To appoint a committee to revise and update the chapter guidelines.
To publish an outline of the duties and responsibilities of the chapter
and the national convention committee chairperson. Every board member
is to submit a detailed list of proposals to be discussed at the next
board meeting.

President Andary corresponded with the chapters
and general membership of the society informing them of the goals for
the following two years and appealing to everyone to join the Board of
Directors and committees in contributing to the success of these objectives.
A positive response to the President's appeal came from the American Druze
Youth Headed by Mazin Chami and Nezar Andary who sent an open letter to
the Druze youth urging them to organize, to state their objectives and
goals and discussing how they could participate and contribute to their
faith, and culture.

Chapter presidents expressed their willingness
to participate in national board meetings. They welcomed the idea of assigning
one board member to work with them all year long. COCA pledged to continue
their efforts to raise money for charity and the student loan foundation
promised to publicize the program to reach all students in need. The amendment
and ratification by the Board of the Bylaws. Dr. Wahbah Sayegh, CORA Chairman,
wrote an article in Our Heritage explaining why the Druze celebrate Eid-al-Adha.
It was very encouraging and CORA urged a simultaneous celebration of the
Eid throughout the US. Ajaj Andary visited the Tri-State area chapter,
Connecticut Chapter, Boston Chapter, Washington DC Chapter, Dallas Chapter
North Carolina Chapter, and met with Virginia, Houston, Miami, Kileen,
Michigan chapter presidents and discussed future goals and ways and means
to improve their relationship with the national Board.

Another event which took place in the fall
of 1989 was the resignation of Ray HeLal from the executive director position
effective January 14, 1990. President Andary thanked Ray on behalf of
the ADS for doing an excellent job that was desperately needed for the
growth and progress of our society. Ray's commitment, dedication, and
professionalism for many years has set a high standard for Our Heritage
Magazine and for the business procedures. The search for a new executive
director came to a happy ending when President Andary announced the Board's
approval of Miss Sahar Muakasa for this position.

1990. Costa Mesa, California

The 44th Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was held at the Red Lion Inn at Costa Mesa, California from
June 26th through June 30th 1990. The President of the Society was Ajaj
Andary and the Vice President was Behjat Jurdi. David Najar was the Past-President.
Board members: Hafez Abilmona, Sara Aboulhosn, Emad Aboulhosn, Raja Aridi,
Fouad Halaby, Ghassan Khalek, Akram Jurdi, and Muneer Zaineldeen. National
Treasurer: Sahar Muakasa. The National Committee Chairpersons were: Jack
Hamady (C.O.E.), Dr. Wahbah Sayegh (CORA), Sami Merhi (COCA), Kamal Shouhayib
(Student Loan Fund). The convention chairperson was Behjat Jurdi.

The 1990 convention in Costa Mesa, California
was extremely successful. The active participation and interest in the
seminars, panels and presentations were the result of considerable advance
planning. The selection of topics were focused on history, heritage, faith
and the role of the Arab American. The participation of our Druze scholars
and educators included Dr. Anis Obeid, Dr. Abdallah Najjar, Dr. Nadim
Kassem, Dr. Hayel Said, Dr. Wahbah Sayegh, Dr. Intissar Assam, Dr. Foazi
El-Barouki, and Dr. Souraya Aboulhosn. Casey Kasem was introduced by Nezar
Andary to address the Young American Druze on " Growing up Arab American".
Ambassador Nassib Lahoud of Lebanon was the main speaker at "President's
Night."

The year 1990 recorded the realization of
the long awaited ADS dream. The National Board of Directors unanimously
approved the purchase of property located at 2239 Merton Avenue, Eaglerock,
California as the first "Druze Cultural Center" in the U.S.A.
during their meeting on May 27, 1990. The dream and goal of Salim Israwi
since the early sixties, the planning of Emad Aboulhosn, Behjat Jurdi,
Shakeeb Aboulhosn, the dedication of Southern California Druze Community
and the moral and financial support of the American Druze Community throughout
the United States lead to this great accomplishment.

The National President, Ajaj Andary, in his
message to the American Druze community stated "the cultural center
in Southern California is a "home" for all the American Druze
people. It is a symbol of our unity, pride and determination. There is
now a place for our children to learn the Arabic language, their history
and their faith. Our adults have a place to meet, our elderly have a Majlis
to pray on Thursday nights and our community has a place to hold their
functions and meet regularly."

The 1990 convention in Costa Mesa, California
was extremely successful. The active participation and interest in the
seminars, panels and presentations were the result of considerable advance
planning. The selection of topics were focused on history, heritage, faith
and the role of the Arab American. The participation of our Druze scholars
and educators included Dr. Anis Obeid, Dr. Abduallah Najjar, Dr. Nadim
Kassem, Dr. Hayel Said, Dr. Wahbe Sayegh, Dr. Intissar Assam, Dr. Foazi
El-Barouki, and Dr. Souraya Aboulhosn. Casey Kasem was introduced by Nezar
Andary to address the Young American Druze on " Growing up Arab American".
Representatives of the Arab American community namely ADC and NAAA also
addressed the convention on issues related to the unification of the Arab
American community. Ambassador Nassib Lahoud of Lebanon was the main speaker
at "President's Night."

Another organization, the American Druze Foundation
(ADF), was established with tax-exemption status. The ADF's main goal
is to raise funds to sponsor programs designed to introduce and preserve
the richness of the Druze culture and religious traditions amongst American
Druze and other Americans. Dr. Wahbe Sayegh and the Committee on Religious
Affairs published Book Four of the Tawhid Faith titled "Pioneers
and their Shrines."

1991. Dallas, Texas

The 45th Annual Convention was held from July
2nd through July 7th, 1991. The President of the Society was Ajaj Andary,
Vice President: Behjat Jurdi, President Elect: Muneer Zaineldeen, Board
members: Emad Aboulhosn, Sara Aboulhosn, Toufic Alghawi, Raja Aridi, Walid
Farhat, Fouad Halaby, Ghassan Khalek and Dr. David Najar. National Treasurer:
Sahar Muakasa

The Convention Chairperson was Raja Aridi
and the convention committee members were: Mark & Katia Hamdan, Halim
Zaidan, Hala Azzam, Maan Baz, Marwan Aridi, Ramzi & Houri Kaedbey,
Ziad Dalal, Hani & Judy Chtay, Mazin & Ramzi Aridi, Ramzi and
Hafez Ghraizi, Yasser Elnemer, Richard Assed, Abdul-Magid Ghreizi, Linda
Al-Awar and Jihad Attar.

The success of the 1991 Convention at Dallas,
Texas was crowned by the attendance of our scholar and highly respected
authority on religion Sheik Salman Masri. Sheik Masrie's wisdom, eloquence
and open-minded views enriched the convention participants. Dr. Anis Obeid,
Dr.Wahbah Sayegh and Dr. Mohammed Halaby translated for the audience the
lectures, presentation and question and answer sessions held during the
convention. Sheik Masri also visited California and met with the Druze
community at the Cultural Center where he emphasized the importance of
strengthening the relationship among the Druze community and their country
of origin. Sheik Masrie's presentation centered on understanding the faith
and the Unitarian teaching of the Druze faith.

Sheik Masri also visited the states of Indiana,
Michigan and Connecticut. The Boston and Connecticut chapters invited
Sheik Masrie for dinner and to lecture on the Druze faith. Druze members
attended this event from Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and New Hampshire
. The Lebanese Ambassador to Canada, Dr. Assem Jaber was the main speaker
at the "President's Night." Dallas Convention was very enriching
and cultured.

In 1991 the National President Ajaj Andary
and the National Board of Directors intensified their efforts to improve
and implement the programs to increase membership, to improve communication
and to encourage the youth participation. The National President, Ajaj
Andary, appealed to the chapters to hold one social-cultural activity
per year where the proceeds would be donated to support the ADS Cultural
Center in Southern California. An Ad Hoc Committee to reorganize the American
Druze youth was formed by Nezar Andary, Mazin Chami and Toufic Alghawi.
Nezar Andary corresponded with the American Druze youth and sent a detailed
outline of the objectives and goals of the newly formed "Bani Ma'arouf"
Youth Committee.

1992. Rutherford, New Jersey

The 1992 Convention was held at the Sheraton
Meadowlands Hotel from June 30th through July 5th. The President of the
Society was Muneer Zaineldeen and Vice President Raja Aridi. Board members:
Ajaj Andary, Sara Aboulhson, Toufic Alghawi, Haitham Ballout, Babette
Israwi, Ramsey Kaed Bey, Julie Makarem, Dr. David Najar and Dr. Samer
Elrayess. National Treasurer: Sahar Muakasa. The convention chairperson
was Lina Rasamny and convention Co-coordinator was Sami Merhi. Convention
Committee: Linda Kanso, Houssam and Ghida Halaby, Ghassan El-Eid, Nabil
Kassem, Nezar Andary and Aida Farhat.

The 1992 Convention was successful in both
social activities and in interesting seminars. The convention was highlighted
by the presence of the distinguished scholar and theologian Sheik Anwar
Abou Khzam, who had been invited by the National President and the Board
of Directors to attend the convention and meet with the American Druze
Community. Sheik Aboukhzam was able to communicate with the young adults
on a person to person basis because of his excellent command of the English
language. He also gave three informative lectures about the Druze faith
which was appreciated by everyone.

Other honored guests at the convention were
His Eminence Metropolitan Philip Saliba, His Excellency Ambassador Simon
Karam of Lebanon, Dr. Clovis Maksoud and the Honorable Antoine Chedid.

Following the convention, Sheik Anwar Abou
Khzam visited California and gave a very scholarly and informative lecture
on the Tawheed faith at the ADS Cultural Center.

President Muneer Zaineldeen established new
committees such as "Career placement network," "Kids Camp
in Lebanon," and an "International Fund Raising Committee. "President
Zaineldeen in his message to the community stated that "the success
of any program depends on the community members participation." He
encouraged the Druze community to pull together and support the establishment
of career placement network, contribute to the fund raising Committee
to help pay the principle loan on the Cultural Center in California.

The Southern California Chapter and the community
started developing programs, sponsoring activities and establishing procedures
to raise funds to support the Cultural Center. Barbara Israwi, Leila Masri
and other ladies supported the promotion of the food certificate program.
Ray Najar donated six months of his time to organize and help raise funds
for the Center. Casey Kasem and his wife Jean sponsored a Haloween Party
at their home. The Chapter board of directors raffled a car to help in
raising funds for the Cultural Center. An Arabic School started to teach
the children the Arabic language.

1993. Miami, Florida

The 47th Annual Convention was held at the
Doral Resort and Country Club from June 29th through July 4th, 1993. The
president of the Society was Muneer Zaineldeen, Vice President: Raja Aridi,
President Elect: Sami Merhi. Board members: Toufic Alghawi, Dr. Samer
Alrayess, Haitham Ballout, Ziad Dalal, Maan Hamdan, Ramsey Kaedbey, Julie
Makarem and Dr. David Najar. National Treasurer: Sahar Muakasa. The convention
chairperson was Toufic Alghawi and the Convention Co-Chairman was Akram
Jurdi. The convention committee members: Wissam Alghawi, Hind Richani,
Diana Hassan, Nisreen Alghawi, Nadim Halabi, Lamia Israwi, Adel Radwan,
Mark & Katia Hamdan, Bassam Abi Faraj, Salah A. Ghannem, Akram Boughannam,
Sleiman Timani and the Ladies Auxiliary of the Miami Chapter.

The 1993 Convention at the Doral Resort and
Country Club in Miami, Florida was a model in organization and all activities
were well planned. Functions started on time and finished on time. CORA
held a seminar on "The Fundamentals of Tawhid Faith". This was
chaired by Dr. Mohammed Halabi. CORE program included a video on the Druze
of Palestine presented by Zaidan Atshe. An Arabic Poetry Symposium was
held chaired by Dr. Anis Obeid and Fouad Ghannam. There was also Athletic
competitions (ADS Olympics), children's programs, picnic, Beit Al-Yatim
program, music and entertainment. The main feature on Saturday night was
the wonderful performance of the South Florida Chapter Debke Troupe. There
was high praise for Toufic Alghawi, Salimi Azzam and the Miami Community
for a job well done.

For health reasons Muneer Zaineldeen was unable
to attend this convention and vice-president Raja Aridi chaired the business
meeting.

The main historical event of 1993 occurred
on October 9,1993 which was the Grand Opening of the ADS Cultural Center
of Southern California. As a result of the continuous and tireless efforts
of Salim Israwi and his commitment to the well being of the Druze Community
this event was made possible. Salim Israwi arranged with the help of his
friend Dr. Ray Irani , the visit of H.E. Walid Jumblatt to the ADS Cultural
Center in Southern California. Prior to the Grand Opening Celebration,
Dr. Ray Irani hosted a $1000 a plate luncheon honoring Mr. and Mrs. Jumblatt
at the Occidental Petroleum Headquarters. The proceeds from this function
was paid toward the principle loan of the Cultural Center.

This historical event was highlighted by the
presence of Dr. Ray Irani, Occidental petroleum Board Chairman, Dr. Farid
Abboud, Lebanese Council General, Mr. Dory Shamoun, Mr. Hani Salaam, Judge
James Kaddo, Sheik Ziad Kasfi, and Mr. Casey Kasem, Mr. Sami Merhi, ADS
National President, Mr. Ghassan Saab from Michigan, Mr. Abdul Majid Ghreizi
and family from Texas; and Mr. Wajih Al-Awar from Seattle, Washington;
members of the ADS National Board; and many others from the Southern California
Arab American Community.

Ms. Misner, representative of the City of
Eagle Rock, presented the ADS Chapter president with a certificate of
congratulations on the opening of the ADS Cultural Center; certificates
of welcome for Mr. Walid Jumblatt and Mr. Hani Salaam; and certificates
of appreciation for Dr. Ray Irani, Mr. Salim Israwi, and Mr. Casey Kasem.

The symbolic ceremony of cutting the ribbon
to officially open the ADS Cultural Center was performed by Mr. Walid
Jumblatt and this was followed by a tour of the center for the distinguished
guests. Later they joined the hundreds of people who came from all over
the world to celebrate this historic event. The event was covered by the
Arabic Press and local TV Stations.

1994. Long Beach, California

The 48th Annual Convention was held at the
Hilton Long Beach Hotel from June 27th through July 3rd, 1994. The president
of the Society was Sami Merhi, Vice President: Salimi Azzam Joseph, Past-President;
Ajaj Andary. Board members: Toufic Alghawi, Dr. Samer Alrayess, Haitham
Ballout, Ziad Dalal, Maan Hamdan, Ramsey Kaedbey, Julie Makarem and Dr.
David Najar. National Treasurer: Sahar Muakasa. The convention chairperson
was Fouad Barakat and the Convention Co-ordinator was Ajaj Andary. The
convention committee members were: Aboud Assaf, Rima Ghosn, Ranya Ghosn,
Mahiba Merhi, Nasiba Abu-Hamdan, Soad Abul-Hosn, Hamad Nawfal, Bassam
Abou-Shakra, Bud & Sami Wehbe, Adel Salaheddine, Nidal Ramadan, Emad
Hassanieh, Hussam Barakat, Yasser Andary, Neman Takieddine, Leila Masri,
Fouad Hariz, Nabila Aboukhzam, Khaled Zahr, Nezar & Janan Andary,
and the Ladies Auxiliary of the Southern California Chapter.

The 1994 Convention was very successful in
terms of various activities, seminars, lectures, sports, entertainment
and honored guests. Mr. Halim Hamd discussed the "Reconstruction"
of Lebanon" and one of the best received seminar's was about various
Role Models given by young Druze Professionals. Another memorable event
was the all day visit to the ADS Cultural Center, the feast served to
400 people and the address of Dr. Salah Salman on "Future of the
Druze". The famous poet, Mr. Samih Al-Kassem from Palestine was our
Guest of Honor. He recited many exciting poems on Friday Night. Also,
Mrs. Nazek Abed addressed the convention on the role of "Women in
Lebanon". H.E. Minister Anwar El-Khalil was the keynote speaker on
Saturday night. Later that evening everyone was very much entertained
by the Southern California Debke Troupe as they danced and did performed
skits for the audience. It is important to mention that the Ladies auxiliary
under the capable leadership of Nabila Aboukhzam and the young adults,
under the leadership of Rima Ghosn, and Mahiba Merhi contributed much
to the success of the 1994 convention.

Sami Merhi, the National President, began
the year 1994 by introducing the "Life Membership" plan to help
guarantee a stable financial base for the ADS. He visited and corresponded
with many Druze Scholars, Theologians, poets and professionals from Lebanon,
Syria, and Palestine and extended an invitation to them to attend the
1994 Convention. He called on the 15 chapters to establish a fund raising
plan to help reduce the ADS cultural Center in Southern California's principal
loan. He encouraged the participation of the young adults and passed a
resolution by CORA to adopt the publication of the book, "On Druze
Identity" by Nezar Andary.

On Jan. 26th 1994 the American Druze Community
had to say farewell to Uncle Nafe Katter of Saginaw, Michigan. Uncle Nafe,
was a founding father and pioneer in the services of the Druze Community.
Prior to his death, he requested the National Board to have the 50th Convention
in the State of Michigan. The Board obliged Uncle Nafe's request unanimously.

On July 18, 1994 Bobby Jaber, sent out the
first issue of Dialogue to students and young adults. Bobby Jaber also
has been in charge of our needy children's program for many years. He
has as been an active participant in the Conventions and ADS from the
early beginnings.

It is very important at this time of our history
to emphasize the importance of having a Druze Cultural Center in Southern
California and what this means to our people in terms of achievement,
pride and caring for the future generations. During 1994 - 1995, the Southern
California Chapter President, Ajaj Andary and the local Board of Directors
planned and sponsored many social, cultural and religious functions at
the Druze Center. Some of these are as follows:

Monthly family Day which takes place on the
First Sunday of every month. Pot-luck luncheon, special children's programs,
games, videos and social activities take place during this day with no
society business discussed except announcements.

Eid El-Adha Celebration.

Sahra Karawiya - the Ladies Auxiliary sponsors
the event at the Druze center to show the traditional evening gathering
in a Druze village.

Arabic School - This is the pride and joy
of the Druze Community. The school teaches more than 65 students from
the Druze and Arab-American Community. Mrs. Asmahan Masri is the Principal
and the teachers Nabila Aboukhzam, Jinan El-Rayes, Iqbal Wahbe, Neda Andari,
Nazek Zeitouni, and Hoda Wahbe are volunteer teachers on a regular basis.

Cultural Events - The Southern California
Chapter encourages cultural activities at the center such as plays and
famous Arabic musician and composers.

Thursday Night Prayer - The Majlis at the
Cultural center has been open every Thursday evening for the community
to come and pray.

The cultural Center was used for Honoring
Dignitaries. On October, 1994, the Lebanese Minister, Rida Wahid, and
the Lebanese delegation were honored and a reception-dinner honoring Dr.
Farid Abboud, the Council General of Lebanon was held prior to his return
to Lebanon.

New Year's Celebration at the Cultural Center.

Beit El-Yateem Day is held every year at the
Cultural Center. Mrs. Afifi Masrie and the Mother of the Yateem, Anisa
Assaf sponsor this event which is supported by all the Druze Community.

The Center is also a place to celebrate weddings,
birthdays, graduations, Mother's Day, Young Adult's Social Nights, and
a place where funeral services take place.

1995. Arlington, Virginia

The 49th Annual Convention was held at the
Crystal Gateway Marriott Hotel from July 4th through July 9th, 1995. The
president of the Society was Sami Merhi, Vice President: Salimi Azzam
Joseph, President-Elect: Faouzi Moakrem. Board members: Ramona Alley,
Toufic Alghawi, Ziad Selman Dalal, Haitham Ballout, Maan Hamdan, Ramsey
Kaedbey, Abdul-Magid Ghreizi and Dr. David Najar. National Treasurer:
Sahar Muakasa. The convention Co-Chairs were Nadine & Jim Silman and
Convention Coordinator was Faouzi Mokarem. The convention committee members
: Alva Salem, Samir Abimourched, Walid Harb, Hicham Abouzeki, Samia Fayyad,
Mohammed Fayyad, Kamal Najjar, Ghassan Abdul-Khalek, Elsie Belman, and
Muneer Zaineldeen.

Nadine and Jimmy Silman put together a spectacular
convention in Washington, D.C. Social, cultural and entertainment activities
were well organized . The President's Night Dinner speakers were H.E.
Ambassador Riad Tabbarah, followed by Dr. Clovis Maksoud, Ms. Raghida
Dergham, Senior Diplomatic Correspondent of Al-Hayat Newspaper, Mr. Afif
Saab, President of the Venezuela Druze Society and the poet Youssef Abdul
Samad. On Saturday afternoon a very special and moving event occurred.
The afternoon was dedicated to honor "Uncle Jack" Hamady, the
living legend of our time. Family and friends shared memories and feelings
about "Uncle Jack".

Dr. Naji Jurdi presented a seminar on "Concept
of God" that was thought provoking and erudite. This was received
very favorably by almost everyone attending. Similarly, Dr. Wahbah A.
Sayegh delivered a scholarly lecture titled "Impact of Greek Philosophy
on Tawhid Theosophy" which was well received by the attendees. There
was also a seminar held by the Young Druze Professionals that was informative
and attended by a large number of our young Druze Professionals.

The hospitality of the Washington, D.C. Community
added to the wonderful job of Nadine and Jimmy Silman and the Convention
Committee.

In 1995, President Merhi, Faouzi Makarem,
President Elect, and Mr. Youssef Abdul Samad visited the Saudi Embassy
and presented His Royal Highness Prince Bandar Bin Sultan, with a Koranic
Verse on a plaque and a letter outlining the services of the Center.

President Merhi announced the establishment
of the Young Druze Professional Committee chaired by Mr. Nabil Kassem
of New Jersey.

Mr. Bobby Jaber informed everyone that the
"Tuition Program" for needy students is now in its ninth year
and over $15,000 had been sent to support more than 280 needy children.

1996. Detroit, Michigan

The 50th Annual Convention of the American
Druze Society was held at the Westin Hotel, Renaissance Center, Detroit,
Michigan from June 25th through June 30th. The president of the Society
was Faouzi Mokarem and Abdul-Magid Ghreizi as the Vice President. Board
members: Ramona Alley, Riad Al-Awar, Dr. David Najar, Ramsey Kaed Bey,
Julie Makarem, Haitham Ballout, Hani Chtay, Sami Merhi and Ziad Alameddine.
National Treasurer: Sahar Muakasa.

Riad Al-Awar was the Convention Chairperson
for 1996. The Convention Committee members: Khalil Harfouche, Labiba Harfouche,
Amin Musleh, Susan Musleh, Moutasem Abu-Hamdan, Madeleine Al-Awar, Fadi
Hemadeh, Omar Abu-Hamdan, Wajdi Abouchakra, Layla Hatoum and Nawal Chehayib,
Samir Makarem, Lama Makarem.

Kamal Shouhayib was the Chairperson of the
Golden Jubilee Committee. The members of the Golden Jubilee Committee
were Maya Jaber, Chakib Jaber, Fadi Hamadeh, Khalil Harfouche, Nawal Obeid,
Ajaj Andary, Ramona Alley, Julie Makarem and Dr. Rima Muakkassa.

President Mokarem, in an attempt to strengthen
the finances of the ADS, worked hard to get the ADS registered with the
Combined Federal Campaign in order to solicit funds for the ADS. This
beginning of inflow of funds from completely different sources has began
and is likely to increase in the coming years.

The 50th convention was very successful in
terms of various cultural, entertainment activities and honored guests.
Dr. Wahbah Sayegh presented CORA Book V that deals with the "Fundamental
Beliefs" of the Druze Faith. Dr. Sayegh has made possible, for the
American Druze Society members, a way to study the Druze Faith, for without
CORA Books, the knowledge we now have of our faith would not have been
possible nor so easily accessible.

Mr. Faouzi Abed, from Lebanon, gave a lecture
on the importance of Education in Lebanon. Mr. Fayez Salaheddine, from
Lebanon, represented the Druze Foundation for Social Welfare. The Druze
Foundation for Social Welfare is an organization that looks after the
needs of the Druze Community in Lebanon. Mr. Salaheddine gave an interesting
and informative lecture in which he updated the work of the Foundation
for the year. Mr. Nabih El-Saadi, from Sweida, Syria gave an interesting
lecture about tenets that constitute the "Druze Identity." Dr.
Marwan Abou-Chakra, Director General, Ain Wazein Hospital was the representative
to the Health Establishment of the Druze community.From Syria, Mr. Hazzaah
Aboufakher and Mr. Mohammed Tarabieh represented the Syrian Druze Orphan's
Home.

Dr. Naji Jurdi introduced the lecturers who
prepared an interseting seminar on the ADS History from 1908 - present.
Ms. Julie Makarem (1908 - 1946), Ms. Romana Alley (1947- 1970), and Mr.
Ajaj Andary (1971 - 1996).

The President's Night Dinner honorary guest
speaker was Sheikh Makram Alameddine who came from Lebanon to join the
conventioneers in celebrating the 50th Annual convention. The master of
Ceremony was Mrs. Ramona Alley. Other guest speakers were Mr. Fayez Salaheddine
from the Druze Foundation for Social Welfare in Lebanon, Sheikh Sami Abilmona
representing Irfan Establishment in Lebanon, Sheikh Salman Abdel Khalik,
representing the Iman Hospital in Alley, Lebanon, and Mr. Hazzaah Aboufakher,
Director of the Druze Foundation for Social Welfare in Sweida.

The Master of Ceremony for the Grand Banquet
was Dr. Anis Obeid. Jamie Helal sang the National Anthem. This was followed
by a piano recital by the renowned pianist, Mr. Walid Hourani. The children
sang under the direction of Mrs. Nawal Obeid. The children, who were from
all over the United States, were Natalie Boukhzam, Ghida Hamad, Zeina
Houtum, Nabil Harfouche, Ashraf and Ayman Malaeb, Leila and Fuad Muakkassa,
and Nada and Sarah Shouhayib. Mr. Moutassem Abou-Hamdan read a Message
from Mansour Pacha AL-Atrash from Syria extending his sincere wishes for
the Druze community in America in celebrating their 50th convention.

Unbeknownst to the recipients, the elders
(age 70 and above) who were attending the convention were presented with
bronze medallions that would be worn around the neck. There were about
thirty two elders who received the award. Dr. Fuad & Leila Muakkassa,
Ms. Anise Assaf, Mrs. Afifi Masri, Mrs. Salimi Azzam Joseph, Uncle Jack
& Lily Hamady, Mr. George Rafey, Mrs. Dorris Bouchar, Mrs. Adele Williams
Aboulhosn, Mrs. Dorothy Halawy, Dr. Richard Baz, Dr. Abdallah Najjar,
Mr. Kamal Najjar, Mrs. Lilian Sefa, Mrs. Hisson Bomorra, Mrs. Bill Taylor,
Mrs. Florence Najjar, Mr. Amin Abukhzam, Mrs. Zabad Radwan Jawhary, Mr.
Anis Halime, Mr. Joseph Hamady, Mrs. Sally Hamady, Mr. Hussein Al-Awar,
Mr. Sleiman Al-Awar, Mrs. Hajjar Hamady, Mr. Ameen Fares Al-Awar, Mr.
Adil Najar, Mrs. Helen Abou-Ismail Sams, Mrs. Amal Abu-Hamdan, and Mrs.
Wadad Radwan.

His Excellency, Ambassador Riad Tabarrah,
Ambassador of Lebanon to the United States was the guest of honor. Ambassador
Riad Tabarrah said, "You are to be commended for your attainment
of high education among your people. You have prospered abroad and become
successful in all fields. You are to be commended for the formation of
this American Druze Society which you have kept alive here in these United
States for fifty years. You are to be applauded for your good works to
your people back home, and you are to be praised for your good name in
America."

Mr. Kamal Shouhayib, Chairman of the Golden
Jubilee Convention, announced the opening ceremony of the Photo Exhibition.
The Photo Exhibition displayed the story of the Druze in America for the
last 100 years. The Ribbon Cutting Ceremony was done by Mrs. Salimi Azzam
and Uncle Jack Hamady. The Photo Exhibition brought tears to many ADS
members who were fascinated by the collection of 300 photos displaying
Druze families in America and the past 49 ADS conventions. The Photo Exhibition
remained on display throughout the remainder of the Convention.

Summary

As can be seen from the above much progress
has been made since the inception of Al Bakourat Al-Durziat, and the establishment
of the American Druze Society. There has been growth in numbers of members
as well as activities. Conventions have continued yearly with the cooperation
of the local community and national board and each year improvements are
seen. Our conventions continue to demonstrate the unity, closeness and
caring among our people. As we celebrated our Golden Jubilee convention,
let us begin yet another chapter in our history as we continue to work
together as one unit to seek the truth, and encourage our youth to actively
seek the truth in order to understand our heritage and religion.